Anatomical Considerations on Surgical Anatomy of the Carotid Bifurcation

Table 3

Distance of STA from CB.

Author	Study type	Distance STA-CB	Origin of STA from CCA-CB
Espalieu et al. [42], 1986	Cadaveric (36); Angiographic (50)	1.5–8 mm	55%
Lučev et al. [43], 2000	Cadaveric (20)	2–10 mm	70%
Lo et al. [14], 2006	Cadaveric (65)	5.9 mm; 3 mm^†	53.8%
Klosek and Rungruang [6], 2008	Cadaveric (43)	6.5 ± 3.2 mm; 7.1 ± 0.3 mm^†	33.3%
Ozgur et al. [13], 2008	Cadaveric (20)	3.3 ± 4.3 mm	75%
Vázquez et al. [63], 2009	Cadaveric (207)	1–21 mm; 1–15 mm^†	76%
Al-Rafiah et al. [39], 2011	Cadaveric (30)	4–11 mm	94%

STA origin from ECA, ^†STA origin from CCA.
STA: superior thyroid artery, CCA: common carotid artery, CB: carotid bifurcation.