New Possible Surgical Approaches for the Submammary Adipofascial Flap Based on Its Arterial Supply

Table 2

Site of different perforators indicated by length inside SMAF and distance from submammary skin crease.

Perforator	Length inside SMAF (cm)			Distance from submammary skin crease (cm)
	Mean ± SD	Min.	Max.	Mean ± SD	Min.	Max.
Superior epigastric		2.91	6.6		3.22	10
Internal mammary		2.23	4.7		1.06	3.0
Thoracodorsal		3.32	6.8		3.4	5.9
Lateral thoracic		4.14	6.5		2.9	4.9
Intercostals		2.46	4.12		4.0	6.8

For the superior epigastric and internal mammary vessels, length inside SMAF was measured as they entered its medial border, while for the thoracodorsal, lateral thoracic, and anterior perforators of the intercostal vessels the length was measured as they entered the lateral border of the flap.