Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Global Perspective

Table 6

Prevalence of TPOAb and TgAb in RA patients.

Author; publication date	Location	Study population	Number of Cases	Diagnostic	Frequency		Prevalence %
				criteria of RA	TPOAb	TgAb	TPOAb	TgAb
Africa
Assal et al. 2009 [73]	Egypt	F: 66.6% A: 26.8	30	ACR 1987	2	9	6.0	30.0
El-Sherif et al. 2004 [74]	Egypt	N/A	20	N/A	N/A	N/A	5.0	30.0
Mousa et al. 2012 [57]	Egypt	F: 80% A: 36.3	217	ACR 1987	22	13	10.1	6.0
America
Cárdenas et al. 2012*	Colombia	F: 81.3% A: 51.92	125–135**	ACR 1987	51	26	37.8	20.8
Rivero et al. 1974 [75]	Argentina	N/A	50	N/A	N/A	10	N/A	20.0
Innocencio et al. 2004; [76]	Brazil	N/A	25	ACR 1987	8		32.00
Gonçalves et al. 2009 [77]	Brazil	F: 86% A: 50 ± 10	72	ACR 1987	11	9	15.3	12.5
Asia
Porkodi et al. 2004 [78]	India	N/A	N/A	N/A	21	13	2.8	1.8
Nakamura et al. 2008 [79]	Japan	F: 82.76% A: 61 ± 14	29	N/A	9	9	31.0	31.0
Europe
Hijmans et al. 1961 [23]	Europe^#	N/A	86	ARA 1959	9		10.4
Atzeni et al. 2008 [80]	Italy	F: 81% A: 47 ± 16	70	ACR 1987	26	16	37.0	23.0
Ruggeri et al. 2002 [81]^≠	Italy	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	1975–1982: 0
							1990–1992: 12
							1998-1999: 26
Genth et al. 1978 [82]	Germany	N/A	105	N/A	15	7	14.3	6.7
Andonopoulos et al. 1996 [83]	Greece	N/A	101	N/A	N/A	N/A	12.9	N/A
Raterman and Nurmohamed; 2012 [84]	NL	N/A	N/A	ACR 1987	N/A	N/A	15	N/A
Magnus et al. 1995 [85]	Norway	N/A	100	N/A	N/A		^§
Przygodzka and; Filipowicz-Sosnowska 2009 [70]	Poland	F: 100% A: 56 ± 13	100	ACR 1987	15	12	15.0	12.0
Buchanan 1965 [86]	Scotland	F: 100%	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	24.4
Yavasoglu et al. 2009 [87]	Turkey	F: 82%	82	ARA 1959	13	10	15.9	12.3
Silman et al. 1989 [88]	UK	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	males: 5 females: 15	males: 5 females: 11
Middle East
Al-Awadhi et al. 2008; [89]	Kuwait	F: 79.1% A: 38.3	177	ACR 1987	12	6	6.7	3.4

N/A: Not available; F: Proportion of females; A: Age at time of assessment (standard deviation); NL: The Netherlands; UK: United Kingdom; USA: United States of America.
*Current series.
**See text for details.
^#Location not stated. Collaboration among UK and NL.
^§Compared to the prevalence in the normal population, patients with rheumatoid arthritis have a higher prevalence of both antibodies.
^≠Prevalence assessed in three time points. Only valid for thyroid hormone antibodies (THAb).