A Literature Synthesis Indicates Very Low Quality, but Consistent Evidence of Improvements in Function after Surgical Interventions for Primary Osteoarthritis of the Elbow

Table 6

Summary table for outcomes of Total elbow arthroplasty.

Study and year	Design	Level of evidence	𝑛	Followup (months)	Pain Δ	ROM Δ	Function Δ
Naqui et al., 2010 [32]	Retrospective case review	IV	11	57.6	VAS (before 8 to after 0)	40	(i) ASES (improved from before 2/36 to after 33/36); (ii) MEPI (9 good to excellent and 2 fair results)
Espag et al., 2003 [33]	Retrospective case review	IV	11	68	Mild or no pain in 10 patients.; No measure reported	38	—
Kozak et al., 1998 [1]	Case report	IV	5	63	(0–3 likert scale).; (3 before to 0.4 after)	34	MEPI (before range 15–40 to after range 80–100)