Visual Scanning in Very Young Children with Autism and Their Unaffected Parents

Table 2

Participant characteristics.

	Children			Fathers			Mothers
	Autism 𝑁=23	Control 𝑁=46	t/χ², P	Autism 𝑁=16	Control 𝑁=14	t, P	Autism 𝑁=19	Control 𝑁=28	t, P
Age in years	3.1 (1.0–5.2)	3.6 (1.1–6.8)	1.34,.19	37.7 (30.8–48.1)	40.8 (35.4–47.3)	−1.48,  0.15	34.3 (27.1–40.1)	36.5 (31.4–46.0)	1.70,  0.10
Sex (N, %♂)	16 (72.7)	26 (56.5)	1.10,.30
	ADOS
Communication	22.3 (10.4)
Social reciprocal interaction	10.7 (4.4)
Play	3.2 (1.8)
Stereotyped behaviors and restricted interests	3.1 (2.0)
				Autism Spectrum Quotient
Social skills				20.9 (7.7)	16.8 (3.4)	1.72,   0.10	17.0 (5.1)	15.8 (4.9)	0.71,  0.48
Attention switching				24.6 (8.2)	20.1 (4.3)	1.50,  0.15	17.4 (5.1)	19.4 (4.4)	−1.31,  0.20
Attention to detail				23.5 (7.7)	22.6 (3.6)	0.40,  0.70	19.7 (6.8)	22.8 (4.2)	−1.73,  0.09
Communication				20.4 (6.4)	17.0 (3.8)	1.64,  0.12	16.1 (3.6)	16.9 (4.4)	−0.62,  0.54
Imagination				22.9 (5.8)	18.1 (2.7)	2.71,  0.01	15.2 (4.1)	17.6 (3.8)	−1.88,  0.07
Total				115.9 (31.2)	94.0 (9.0)	2.40,  0.03	83.0 (19.3)	92.6 (14.8)	−1.67,  0.11
		Mullen T-scores
Expressive language		55.4 (9.7)
Receptive language		50.8 (6.7)
Fine motor		50.0 (10.9)
Visual reception		57.0 (9.5)
	PEP-R
Imitation	20.1 (6.3)
Perception	33.8 (12.4)
Fine motor	25.6 (7.0)
Gross motor	25.1 (7.6)
Eye-hand integration	26.6 (4.9)
Cognitive performance	14.4 (5.4)
Cognitive verbal	16.1 (7.9)