Dietary Intake and Plasma Levels of Choline and Betaine in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Table 1

Mean dietary intake of choline and betaine in children with ASD (𝑛=288).

Age	Choline intake (mg) (mean ± SE)	AI^a for choline (mg)	Choline intake less than AI^a (% children)	Betaine intake^b (mg/kg) (mean ± SE)	Betaine intake less than 3.5 mg/kg (% children)
1–3 y (𝑛=72)	176±10	200	68.7%	4.6±0.18	30%
4–8 y (𝑛=178)	182±5	250	84%	4.7±0.47	23%
9–11 y (𝑛=38)	238±14	375	93.2%	4.6±0.20	18%

Note: ^aAI: adequate intake; ^baverage adult betaine intake = ~5 mg/kg [14, 15].