Research Article

Reciprocity in Interaction: A Window on the First Year of Life in Autism

Table 2

Infant’s behaviors: means and standard deviations for ASD and TD. -test between groups at T1 and T2 and within groups in ASD and TD.

Infant’s behaviorsT1(1)T2(2) -test between groups -test within groups
(SD) (SD) value(3) value(3)
ASDTDASDTDT1(1)T2(2)ASDTD

States(4)

Involvement
 % duration3,01 (5,4)8,3 (10,7)5,8 (9,9)9,1 (5,7)0,180,390,410,85
 rate/min0,3 (0,6)0,6 (0,7)0,5 (0,9)0,9 (0,5)0,320,250,480,19
Responsiveness
 % duration54,7 (26)46,3 (23)53,3 (30,1)71,6 (17,1)0,471,130,860,03*
 rate/min2,2 (1,7)2,4 (1,6)1,6 (0,7)2 (0,8)0,770,360,380,39

Events(5)

Activating behaviors
 Total0,8 (1,1)2,8 (2,8)5,4 (5,1)5 (3,1)0,04*0,810,02*0,11
 Gaze0,3 (0,4)1,1 (1,3)1,6 (2,1)1,1 (1,2)0,080,530,070,95
 Motor0,5 (0,7)1,8 (1,9)3,8 (3,5)3,9 (2,1)0,070,990,02*0,02*
Attuned behaviors
 Total14,6 (7,8)18,5 (6,5)17,4 (10,6)23,6 (11,1)0,250,060,210,16
 Gaze9,2 (4,6)10,4 (5,1)6,3 (5,7)7,7 (6,3)0,600,550,570,65
 Motor5,3 (4,1)8,1 (3,3)7,1 (6,7)14,5 (9,1)0,130,230,240,05*
Vocalizations
 Total15,6 (11,6)14,3 (9,1)10,1 (10,2)26,5 (11,1)0,800,004**0,03*0,03*
 Involvement2,2 (4)5,8 (8)3,1 (4,3)6,9 (3,8)0,220,060,590,68
 Responsiveness13,3 (11)8,5 (6,3)7 (8,1)18,3 (12,5)0,260,03*0,070,02*
Smile
 Total7,6 (8,2)5,8 (4,4)4,3 (4,1)7,4 (5,2)0,560,170,190,37
 Coordinated5,6 (7,2)4,6 (3,1)2,8 (2,9)3,1 (2,2)0,690,800,210,20
 Uncoordinated1,1 (1,2)0,7 (1,3)0,8 (1,1)1,6 (2)0,560,240,510,29

Total Gaze(6)9,5 (4,7)11,5 (5,5)11,9 (6,8)10,2 (7,2)0,400,610,340,69
Total Motor(7)5,9 (4,1)9,8 (3,9)10,9 (6,6)18,4 (9,8)0,04*0,070,02*0,02*

(1)0–6 months period.
(2)6–12 months period.
(3)** ; *P ≤ 0.05.
(4)State: the time interval in which the behavior is observed. Duration and frequency are considered.
(5)Events: single behaviors coded each time they are observed. Frequency is considered.
(6,7)These two additional items were created merging motor and gaze behaviors allocated in the activating and attuned behaviors.