Potential Role of Selenoenzymes and Antioxidant Metabolism in relation to Autism Etiology and Pathology

Figure 2

Selenoenzymes are central to providing antioxidant electrons to accomplish reduction of molecules in a number of biochemical processes. NADPH = nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; GR = glutathione reductase; T(SH)₂ = reduced thioredoxin; GSH = reduced glutathione; TRx = thioredoxin reductase; GSSG = oxidized glutathione; TGR = thioredoxin-glutathione reductase; GPx = glutathione peroxidase; MsrB = methionine sulfoxide reductase; Prx = peroxiredoxin; Grx = glutaredoxin; e⁻ = electron. Levels of plasma GSH, erythrocyte NADH, and NADPH are notably reduced (𝑃<0.001) in children with autism [16, 32].