Neural Mechanisms of Vicarious Reward Processing in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Table 3

Significant functional connections during reward outcomes for Self and Others.

Seed	Reward Recipient	Region	Hem	k	BA	x	y	z	Z max
Right MTG	ASD > TDC
	Other > Self	Lateral occipital cortex	L	693	—	−20	−72	50	3.39
		Middle temporal gyrus	R	670	—	54	−36	−2	3.67
		Lingual gyrus	L	623	—	−12	−66	0	3.39
	ASD < TDC
	Self	Caudate^†	L	15412	—	−12	0	12	5.53
		Thalamus	R	—	—	8	−22	14	4.75
		Frontal pole	R	—	10	−28	48	20	4.72
		Inferior frontal gyrus	R	—	—	48	30	8	4.66
		Superior parietal lobule	L	1528	—	−22	−50	58	4.85
		Frontal pole	R	415	—	−8	−54	8	4.11
	Other	Frontal pole	R	250	—	14	36	42	3.86
Right NAcc	ASD < TDC
	Self	Caudate^†	L	17711	—	−8	0	12	5.15
		Pallidum	R	—	—	28	−12	−2	4.94
		Frontal pole	R	—	—	52	34	−4	4.76
		Superior parietal lobule	L	—	—	−24	−48	58	4.74
		Frontal pole	L	—	—	−28	50	20	4.66
		Thalamus	R	—	—	8	−24	14	4.65
		Precuneus	L	516	—	−8	−54	8	4.19
	Other	Caudate^†	L	1948	—	−10	−2	12	5.24
		Thalamus	R	—	—	8	−24	12	4.37
		Middle temporal gyrus	R	—	—	54	−26	−12	4.31
		Anterior cingulate gyrus	L	1098	24	−10	18	32	4.52
		Frontal pole	R	707	—	2	62	34	3.94
			L	345	—	−40	36	0	4.03
			L	230	10	−28	52	18	4.25
		Inferior frontal gyrus	R	402	—	32	−4	52	3.92
Left NAcc	ASD < TDC
	Self	Caudate^†	L	20401	—	−8	0	12	5.4
		Superior parietal lobule	L	—	—	−22	−50	58	5.03
		Pallidum	R	—	—	28	−18	−2	4.79
		Inferior frontal gyrus	R	—	—	54	12	8	4.72
		Caudate	R	—	—	12	14	12	4.66
		Precuneus	L	663	—	−8	−54	8	4.33
		Subcallosal cortex	L	261	—	−8	8	−20	4.28
	Other	Caudate^†	L	1231	—	−10	0	12	5.38
		Thalamus	R	—	—	10	−24	12	4.27
		Caudate	R	—	—	12	12	18	3.68
		Superior frontal gyrus	L	789	8	−22	32	50	4.29
			R	452	—	18	32	50	3.75
		Inferior frontal gyrus	L	430	—	−40	34	0	4.3
			R	408	—	52	30	−4	4.05
		Frontal pole	R	341	—	34	58	16	3.54
		Precentral gyrus	L	307	—	−26	−22	46	3.74
		Superior temporal gyrus	L	292	—	−48	−40	10	3.72
		Middle temporal gyrus	L	230	—	54	−26	−10	4.11

Note. Analyses were conducted examining the main effect of Group (ASD, TDC) and Reward Recipient (Self, Other) and interactions between the two factors. However, only significant activations are presented within this table.^†Peaks are listed first for each cluster with subpeaks listed in subsequent indented rows. NAcc = nucleus accumbens; MTG = middle temporal gyrus; Hem = hemisphere; k = cluster size in voxels; BA = Brodmann area; Z max = maximum z-value.