Neural Mechanisms of Vicarious Reward Processing in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Table 3
Significant functional connections during reward outcomes for Self and Others.
Seed
Reward Recipient
Region
Hem
k
BA
x
y
z
Z max
Right MTG
ASD > TDC
Other > Self
Lateral occipital cortex
L
693
—
−20
−72
50
3.39
Middle temporal gyrus
R
670
—
54
−36
−2
3.67
Lingual gyrus
L
623
—
−12
−66
0
3.39
ASD < TDC
Self
Caudate†
L
15412
—
−12
0
12
5.53
Thalamus
R
—
—
8
−22
14
4.75
Frontal pole
R
—
10
−28
48
20
4.72
Inferior frontal gyrus
R
—
—
48
30
8
4.66
Superior parietal lobule
L
1528
—
−22
−50
58
4.85
Frontal pole
R
415
—
−8
−54
8
4.11
Other
Frontal pole
R
250
—
14
36
42
3.86
Right NAcc
ASD < TDC
Self
Caudate†
L
17711
—
−8
0
12
5.15
Pallidum
R
—
—
28
−12
−2
4.94
Frontal pole
R
—
—
52
34
−4
4.76
Superior parietal lobule
L
—
—
−24
−48
58
4.74
Frontal pole
L
—
—
−28
50
20
4.66
Thalamus
R
—
—
8
−24
14
4.65
Precuneus
L
516
—
−8
−54
8
4.19
Other
Caudate†
L
1948
—
−10
−2
12
5.24
Thalamus
R
—
—
8
−24
12
4.37
Middle temporal gyrus
R
—
—
54
−26
−12
4.31
Anterior cingulate gyrus
L
1098
24
−10
18
32
4.52
Frontal pole
R
707
—
2
62
34
3.94
L
345
—
−40
36
0
4.03
L
230
10
−28
52
18
4.25
Inferior frontal gyrus
R
402
—
32
−4
52
3.92
Left NAcc
ASD < TDC
Self
Caudate†
L
20401
—
−8
0
12
5.4
Superior parietal lobule
L
—
—
−22
−50
58
5.03
Pallidum
R
—
—
28
−18
−2
4.79
Inferior frontal gyrus
R
—
—
54
12
8
4.72
Caudate
R
—
—
12
14
12
4.66
Precuneus
L
663
—
−8
−54
8
4.33
Subcallosal cortex
L
261
—
−8
8
−20
4.28
Other
Caudate†
L
1231
—
−10
0
12
5.38
Thalamus
R
—
—
10
−24
12
4.27
Caudate
R
—
—
12
12
18
3.68
Superior frontal gyrus
L
789
8
−22
32
50
4.29
R
452
—
18
32
50
3.75
Inferior frontal gyrus
L
430
—
−40
34
0
4.3
R
408
—
52
30
−4
4.05
Frontal pole
R
341
—
34
58
16
3.54
Precentral gyrus
L
307
—
−26
−22
46
3.74
Superior temporal gyrus
L
292
—
−48
−40
10
3.72
Middle temporal gyrus
L
230
—
54
−26
−10
4.11
Note. Analyses were conducted examining the main effect of Group (ASD, TDC) and Reward Recipient (Self, Other) and interactions between the two factors. However, only significant activations are presented within this table.†Peaks are listed first for each cluster with subpeaks listed in subsequent indented rows. NAcc = nucleus accumbens; MTG = middle temporal gyrus; Hem = hemisphere; k = cluster size in voxels; BA = Brodmann area; Z max = maximum z-value.