A Need for Consistency in Behavioral Phenotyping for ASD: Analysis of the Valproic Acid Model

Table 1

Valproic acid model and behavioral testing details.

Reference	Strain/species	VPA dose	Injection site	Time of exposure	Group numbers	Sex	Sexes analyzed separately?	Age behavioral testing	^# of different behavior tests
Schneider and Przewlocki [7]	Wistar rats	600 mg/kg	IP	E12.5	8 saline; 8 VPA	Males only	—	P90–120	9
Markram et al. [8]	Wistar Han rats	500 mg/kg	IP	E12.5	136 saline; 138 VPA	Males and females	No	P90	7
Dufour-Rainfray et al.[9]	Wistar rats	600 mg/kg	IP	E9	12 saline; 12 VPA	Males only	—	P31	1
Gandal et al. [10]	C57BL/6Hsd mice	600 mg/kg	S.C.	E13	10–12 saline; 10–12 VPA	Males and females	No	P35–75	7
Kataoka et al. [5]	ICR mice	500 mg/kg	IP	E12.5	18–24 saline; 16–27 VPA	Males and females	Yes (female in supplementary)	P56	4
Chen et al. [11]	Sprague Dawley rats	500 mg/kg	IP	E12.5	21 saline; 25 VPA	Males only	—	P28–30	3
Kim et al. [12]	ICR mice	300 mg/kg	S.C.	E10	10–12 saline; 10–12 VPA	Not specified	—	P21–40	7
Bambini-Junior et al. [13]	Wistar rats	600 mg/kg	IP	E12.5	7 saline; 12–19 VPA	Males only	—	P35–50	1
Kang and Kim [14]	C57BL6/J mice	600 mg/kg	S.C.	E13.5	11-12 saline; 9-10 VPA	Not specified	—	P56–120	4
Baronio et al. [15]	Swiss mice	500 mg/kg	IP	E11	8 saline; 8 VPA	Males only	—	P50	3
Campolongo et al. [16]	Outbred Cr1Fcen CF1 mice	600 mg/kg	S.C.	E12.5	21 saline; 22 VPA	Males and females	Yes (female data unpublished)	P56	10
Bronzuoli et al. [17]	Wistar rats	500 mg/kg	IP	E12.5	5 saline; 5 VPA	Males only	—	P35, 90	2
Sgritta et al. [18]	C57BL/6J mice	500 mg/kg	IP	E12.5	7–10 saline; 7–10 VPA	Males only	—	P49–70	4

E, embryonic day; VPA, valproic acid; P, postnatal day; IP, intraperitoneal; S.C., subcutaneous; not including treatment groups.