Efficacy of Germinated Cereals as Bait Carrier for Zinc Phosphide and Bromadiolone against Field and Commensal Rodent Pests: A Laboratory Evaluation
Table 2
Mortality of four species of rodents after being fed on zinc phosphide (1.5%–2%) baits of germinated cereals in choice tests.
Species
Concentration (% a.i. in bait)
Bait
Body weight (g) mean ± SDa
Intake (g/100 g body wt.)
valueb
Mortality
Hours to death mean ± SDa
mean ± SDa
Plain (nongermi)
Poison (germi)
2%
Paddy
92.1 ± 15.7 (68–113)
4.3 ± 1.61 (2.56–7.94)
2.42 ± 1.83 (1.70–7)
0.002**
9/10
7.2 ± 4.1 (5–17)
B. bengalensis
2%
Pearl millet
129.9 ± 21.4 (98–170)
5.51 ± 2.96 (1.66–10.2)
1.3 ± 0.97 (0.81–2.5)
0.000***
10/10
10.05 ± 5.1 (4–18)
2%
Finger millet
137.3 ± 19.4 (115–170)
3.77 ± 1.29 (0.80–7.87)
1.07 ± 0.46 (0.38–1.81)
0.035*
10/10
10.3 ± 5.8 (4–18)
1.5%
Paddy
38.7 ± 6.1 (34–55)
1.40 ± 1.07 (0.10–3.50)
5 ± 2.4 (2.3–10)
0.215NS
10/10
5.2 ± 2.8 (3–11)
M. meltada
1.5%
Pearl millet
47.9 ± 5.9 (40–56)
1.5 ± 0.8 (0–2.2)
7.8 ± 2.5 (1.8–13.2)
0.000***
7/10
5.8 ± 4.2 (6–12)
1.5%
Finger millet
40.6 ± 6.6 (32–51)
2.6 ± 1.4 (0.7–4.8)
2.4 ± 1.8 (0–6.8)
0.470NS
8/10
6.6 ± 4.1 (5–12)
1.5%
Paddy
7.7 ± 0.7 (6.8–9.1)
8.07 ± 5.21 (3.4–21.9)
16.66 ± 4.58 (10.4–25.1)
0.791NS
9/10
11 ± 4.7 (8–17)
M. booduga
1.5%
Pearl millet
9.3 ± 1.6 (6.8–12)
8.5 ± 3.63 (3.3–11.8)
3.62 ± 2.14 (0.58–7.5)
0.865NS
10/10
8.8 ± 3.2 (4.5–16)
1.5%
Finger millet
8.9 ± 1.6 (8–11)
8.5 ± 11.63 (1.3–41.8)
3.62 ± 2.14 (1.58–7.5)
0.085NS
9/10
6.5 ± 4.7 (4–18)
2%
Paddy
98.9 ± 20.4 (58–135)
4.27 ± 1.63 (1.11–6.73)
4.17 ± 1.07 (3.16–4.31)
0.913NS
10/10
8.7 ± 2.6 (5–14)
R. rattus
2%
Pearl millet
89.9 ± 16.6 (65–114)
2.9 ± 0.6 (2.0–4.2)
5.7 ± 2.9 (1.9–11)
0.014**
10/10
5.7 ± 1.2 (4–8)
2%
Finger millet
98 ± 11.9 (75–112)
2.0 ± 0.8 (1.3–3.6)
4.9 ± 2.6 (0.6–8)
0.006*
10/10
10 ± 2.4 (7–14)
aMean and standard deviation values were obtained from observation of ten animals in each test (numbers in brackets are the range of values).
bThe difference between poison and plain bait intake is statistically significant based on paired “” test. *; **; ***; NS.
