Efficacy of Germinated Cereals as Bait Carrier for Zinc Phosphide and Bromadiolone against Field and Commensal Rodent Pests: A Laboratory Evaluation
Table 3
Mortality of four rodent species after feeding on 0.005% bromadiolone baits of germinated cereals for two days in no-choice tests.
Species
Bait
Body weight (g) mean ± SDa
Poison consumption (g)
Intake of active ingredient (mg/kg−1)
Mortality
Days to death mean ± SDa
mean ± SDa
mean ± SDa
1st day
2nd dayb
1st day
2nd day
Paddy
104.1 ± 30.2 (65–165)
11.7 ± 1.8 (7.7–14)
10.1 ± 2.3NS (8–14.2)
6.1 ± 2.2 (3.0–10.9)
6.6 ± 4.7 (3.2–19.2)
10/10
5.2 ± 2.5 (1–9)
B. bengalensis
Pearl millet
118.7 ± 18.1 (92–148)
10.8 ± 1.03 (8.8–12.0)
8.7 ± 1.6** (4.5–10)
4.6 ± 0.7 (3.40–5.8)
3.8 ± 1.0 (1.5–5.4)
10/10
2.1 ± 0.5 (1–3)
Finger millet
111.3 ± 13.7 (92–135)
9.2 ± 1.4 (7.5–12.9)
5.8 ± 1.6** (2.1–8)
4.16 ± 0.6 (3.3–5.1)
5.8 ± 1.6 (2.1–8)
10/10
3.4 ± 0.8 (2–5)
Paddy
42.5 ± 5.27 (35–52)
7.13 ± 2.8 (2.3–11.3)
8.9 ± 3.3NS (1.3–14.2)
8.5 ± 2.8 (3.7–12.6)
10.4 ± 3.8 (1.5–14.5)
7/10
4.6 ± 2.5 (1–8)
M. meltada
Pearl millet
39.2 ± 3.85 (32–45)
7.1 ± 1.0 (5–8.2)
6.7 ± 2.5NS (1–10)
9.2 ± 1.8 (6.7–12.8)
6.7 ± 2.5 (1–10)
9/10
8.5 ± 4.1 (6–14)
Finger millet
41.3 ± 4.7 (32–52)
5 ± 1.3 (3.6–7.2)
6.7 ± 1.2** (5–8.5)
5.9 ± 1.6 (4.0–8.9)
7.90 ± 1.2 (5–8.5)
10/10
8.2 ± 2.2 (5–12)
Paddy
8.07 ± 1.0 (6.5–9.5)
2.3 ± 0.4 (2–3.1)
1.6 ± 0.2** (1.2–2)
14.8 ± 3.7 (10.7–21.8)
11.4 ± 2.4 (6.5–14.9)
10/10
3.6 ± 1.5 (2–6)
M. booduga
Pearl millet
9.7 ± 1.5 ( 7–12.15 )
2.4 ± 0.8 (1–3.2)
1.8 ± 1.0* (0–3.0)
12.6 ± 5.1 (2.7–18.5)
9.6 ± 5.7 (0–17.6)
9/10
3.4 ± 1.7 (2–6)
Finger millet
10.3 ± 1.3 (8.5–12.1)
2.50 ± 0.3 (2–2.9)
2.3 ± 1.0NS (0.8–3.8)
12.2 ± 1.9 (8.9–14.7)
11.5 ± 5.6 (3.4–22.3)
10/10
4.4 ± 3.9 (1–11)
Paddy
75.4 ± 14.6 (50–101)
8.5 ± 1.5 (6.5–11)
11.4 ± 3.0* (5–14)
5.8 ± 1.7 (4.1–9.3)
8.1 ± 3.2 (2.4–13.1)
6/10
3.6 ± 3.8 (3–11)
R. rattus
Pearl millet
96.9 ± 9.5 (80–111)
9.7 ± 1.0 (8.5–11.5)
8.2 ± 0.9* (7–10)
5.0 ± 0.7 (4.1–6.7)
4.2 ± 0.4 (3.5–5.0)
10/10
7.3 ± 1.8 (5–11)
Finger millet
9.4 ± 1.2 (7.64–11)
9.4 ± 1.2 (7.6–11.2)
7.1 ± 1.0* (5.8–8.8)
5.1 ± 0.5 (4.3–5.7)
3.9 ± 0.6 (2.9–4.7)
10/10
10.7 ± 2.5 (7–14)
aMean and standard deviation values were obtained from observation of ten animals in each test (numbers in brackets are the range of values).
bThe difference between the poison bait consumption on first and second days is statistically significant (paired “” test). *; **; NS.
