Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Mediated Immunoregulation: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Applications

Table 1

Pathology	Animal species	Target organ	Mechanism of action	WD	Ref.
Lupus erythematosus	Mouse	Bone marrow	Regeneration of hematopoietic niche	Sys	[22]
Rejection of HSC transplantation	Sheep	Hematopoietic compartment	Improve transplantation efficiency, increase hematopoiesis	Sys	[23]
Rejection of cutaneous grafts	Monkey	Skin	Inhibition of T cells	Sys	[24]
Ictus	Rat	Central nervous system	Secretion of neurotrophic factors	Sys	[25]
Acute renal failure	Rat	Kidneys	Secretion of trophic factors. Inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines	Sys	[26]
Diabetes	Mouse	Pancreas and renal glomeruli	Inhibition of macrophage infiltration	Sys	[27]
Diabetes	Mouse	Pancreas	Inhibition of β cell-specific T cells	Sys	[28]
Rejection of transplanted islets	Mouse	Kidney capsule	Inhibition of β cell-specific T cells	Loc	[29]
Rheumatoid arthritis	Mouse	Joints	Inhibition of secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and inhibition of T cells	Sys	[30]
Retinal degeneration	Rat	Eyes	Induction and secretion of trophic factors	Loc	[31]
Acute lung injury	Mouse	Lungs	Inhibition of secretion of proinflammatory cytokines	Sys	[32]
Acute lung injury	Mouse	Lungs	Inhibition of secretion of proinflammatory cytokines.; Secretion of IL-10	Loc	[33]
Hepatic failure	Mouse	Liver	Inhibition of inflammatory infiltrate	CM	[34]
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis	Rat	Central nervous system	Inhibition of myelin-specific T cells	Sys	[35]
Myocardial infarction	Rat	Heart	Secretion of trophic factor SFRP2	Loc	[36]
Ulcerative colitis	Mouse	Gut	Suppression of inflammatory infiltrates and cytokines. Increase of regulatory T cell activity	Sys	[37]