The RAG Model: A New Paradigm for Genetic Risk Stratification in Multiple Myeloma

Table 4

RAG model categories and their candidate genes.

RAG category	Candidate genes	Reference
Hyperdiploidy; (Trisomies—1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 15, 19, 21)	CCND1, CCND2, CCND3	[22, 25]
t(4;14)	FGFR3, MMSET	[20, 23, 24, 27, 33]
t(6;14)	CCND3	[7]
t(11;14)	CCND1	[7]
t(14;16)	c-MAF	[24, 34, 35]
t(14;20)	MAFB	[21]
+1q	CKS1B, ANP32E	[4, 14, 36–39]
Del(1p)	CDKN2C, FAF1, FAM46C	[36, 37, 40, 41]
Del(11q)	BIRC2, BIRC3	[36, 42, 43]
Del(12p)	CD27	[12, 36]
Del(13/13q)	RB1, DIS3	[7, 44–47]
Del(14q)	TRAF3	[36, 42, 43]
Del(16q)	CYLD, WWOX	[36, 42, 43]
Del(17p)	TP53	[7, 24, 48]
Secondary t(8;14)	MYC	[49, 50]
Bone disease	DKK1, FRZB	[51, 52]
Proliferation	NRAS, KRAS, BRAF, MYC	[10, 53]
NF-B	TRAF2, TRAF3, CYLD, NFKB1, NFKB2, NIK, TACI, LTBR, BIRC2, BIRC3, WWOX, CD40	[10, 42, 43]
Differentiation	XBP1, BLIMP1, IRF4	[10, 54]
DNA repair	TP53, PARP1	[24, 48, 55]
RNA editing	DIS3, FAM46C, LRRK2	[10, 36, 40]
Epigenetic	KDM6A, KDM6B, MLL, MMSET, HOXA9	[10, 56, 57]