Bioremediating Oil Spills in Nutrient Poor Ocean Waters Using Fertilized Clay Mineral Flakes: Some Experimental Constraints
Table 1
O2 concentrations (ml/L) in solution (shown in Figure 3) measured over a period of 100 hours. The samples (1–3) were extracted and measured 24 hours after O2 flushing of the gas-tight batch experiments.
Gulf coast water
Gulf coast water
Gulf coast water
Oil
Oil
Oil
Fertilizer
Fertilized clay
Start O2 (ml/L)
6.22
1.11
5.09
Time to half O2
4.4 hr
1 hr
<15 min
Time to 0.01 ml/L
86.5 hr
9 hr
5 hr
Rate enhancement
Control
×4.4
>17.6
Observations (after 2 months)
Clear water with floating clumps of oil
Brown turbid water with thick oil coatings on wall of container