Synergistic Effects of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and Chitosan on In Vitro Seeds Germination, Greenhouse Growth, and Nutrient Uptake of Maize (Zea mays L.)

Table 4

Effects of A. lipoferum, P. fluorescens, P. putida, and chitosan on growth parameters of maize plants at 30 DAS.

Treatments	Height (cm)		Leaves/plant		Circumference (cm)		Leaf area (cm^2)
	m	σ	m	σ	m	σ	m	σ
CTL	23.50	1.94	5.33	0.51	3.16	0.51	100.13	12.50
lip	26.95	4.00	7.00	0.75	4.00	0.75	154.28	16.93
flu	24.35	0.50	7.50	1.19	3.80	1.19	126.83	8.26
put	23.95	1.65	6.50	0.53	3.90	0.53	123.48	4.40
lip-flu	24.90	0.42	6.75	1.16	3.67	1.16	141.24	13.39
lip-put	26.05	2.22	6.75	0.88	3.67	0.88	140.89	12.15
flu-put	23.50	2.53	6.25	0.88	3.32	0.88	134.90	4.34
lip-flu-put	27.65	2.77	7.25	1.38	3.55	1.38	141.21	37.41
Q	25.63	1.08	6.66	0.51	3.53	0.51	135.53	10.94
Q.lip	25.92	3.25	6.50	1.19	3.65	1.19	147.55	13.62
Q.flu	26.32	2.10	8.00	1.30	3.90	1.30	127.11	8.84
Q.put	24.13	0.44	6.66	0.51	3.63	0.51	135.84	6.73
Q.lip-flu	25.07	0.81	6.50	0.53	3.82	0.53	136.84	7.89
Q.lip-put	23.67	0.49	6.75	0.88	3.75	0.88	135.17	3.63
Q.flu-put	24.17	0.78	6.75	0.46	3.90	0.46	136.84	3.71
Q.lip-flu-put	27.42	2.96	7.50	0.53	3.92	0.53	152.71	27.22
Signification	ns				ns

(not significant); (significant); m: mean; σ: standard error. In a column, the means with different letters are significantly different at the probability level of 5% according to Student Newman-Keuls test. CTL: control (without bacteria and chitosan); lip: treated only with A. lipoferum; flu: treated only with P. fluorescens; put: treated only with P. putida; lip-flu: treated with A. lipoferum-P. fluorescens in the same proportion; lip-put: treated with A. lipoferum-P. putida in the same proportion; flu-put: treated with P. fluorescens-P. putida in the same proportion; lip-flu-put: treated with A. lipoferum-P. fluorescens-P. putida in the same proportion; Q: treated only with chitosan; Q.lip: treated with chitosan-A. lipoferum in the same proportion; Q.flu: treated with chitosan-P. fluorescens in the same proportion; Q.put: treated with chitosan-P. putida in the same proportion; Q.lip-flu: treated with chitosan-A. lipoferum-P. fluorescens in the same proportion; Q.lip-put: treated with chitosan-A. lipoferum-P. putida in the same proportion; Q.flu-put: treated with chitosan-P. fluorescens-P. putida in the same proportion; Q.lip-flu-put: treated withchitosan-A. lipoferum-P. fluorescens-P. putida in the same proportion.