Synergistic Effects of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and Chitosan on In Vitro Seeds Germination, Greenhouse Growth, and Nutrient Uptake of Maize (Zea mays L.)

Table 5

Effects of A. lipoferum, P. fluorescens, P. putida, and chitosan on biomass and dry matter produced by the maize plant at 30 DAS.

Treatments	Aerial biomass (g)		Underground biomass (g)		Aerial dry matter (%)		Underground dry matter (%)
	m	σ	m	σ	m	σ	m	σ
CTL	15.39	0.26	7.68	1.16	8.99	0.86	7.60	1.21
lip	24.46	0.47	10.45	2.03	10.24	1.37	7.06	1.94
flu	20.97	0.16	10.21	2.15	8.30	0.62	5.91	1.22
put	17.46	0.19	10.85	0.94	9.68	1.01	6.34	0.92
lip-flu	18.68	0.07	8.71	1.56	9.75	0.42	7.68	1.51
lip-put	19.92	0.11	15.02	3.26	10.75	0.34	7.55	1.87
flu-put	19.04	0.08	14.02	3.71	11.35	0.79	6.77	1.09
lip-flu-put	19.82	0.35	12.03	3.31	10.18	0.97	6.68	0.77
Q	18.37	0.16	10.94	2.17	10.55	1.29	8.75	2.13
Q.lip	25.35	0.52	7.92	1.22	10.82	2.50	8.98	2.79
Q.flu	28.42	0.29	12.45	2.87	9.90	1.68	8.93	2.53
Q.put	20.18	0.34	16.04	5.10	11.26	1.04	5.46	0.67
Q.lip-flu	18.93	0.12	9.58	1.78	10.41	0.27	6.38	1.34
Q.lip-put	17.16	0.25	8.92	0.89	9.96	1.21	7.15	1.40
Q.flu-put	18.60	0.18	11.40	1.50	10.63	0.89	7.47	1.09
Q.lip-flu-put	20.86	0.25	11.24	2.88	9.04	0.83	7.20	1.32
Signification					ns		ns

(not significant); (highly significant); (very highly significant) m: mean; σ: standard error. In a column, the means with different letters are significantly different at the probability level of 5% according to Student Newman-Keuls test. CTL: control (without bacteria and chitosan); lip: treated only with A. lipoferum; flu: treated only with P. fluorescens; put: treated only with P. putida; lip-flu: treated with A. lipoferum-P. fluorescens in the same proportion; lip-put: treated with A. lipoferum-P. putida in the same proportion; flu-put: treated with P. fluorescens-P. putida in the same proportion; lip-flu-put: treated with A. lipoferum-P. fluorescens-P. putida in the same proportion; Q: treated only with chitosan; Q.lip: treated with chitosan-A. lipoferum in the same proportion; Q.flu: treated with chitosan-P. fluorescens in the same proportion; Q.put: treated with chitosan-P. putida in the same proportion; Q.lip-flu: treated with chitosan-A. lipoferum-P. fluorescens in the same proportion; Q.lip-put: treated with chitosan-A. lipoferum-P. putida in the same proportion; Q.flu-put: treated with chitosan-P. fluorescens-P. putida in the same proportion; Q.lip-flu-put: treated with chitosan-A. lipoferum-P. fluorescens-P. putida in the same proportion.