Gender Differences Time Trends for Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components among Tehranian Children and Adolescents

Table 1

Anthropometric and metabolic characteristics of cohort participants by sex in 3 phases.

	Phase I		Phase II		Phase III
	Boys 𝑁=1858	Girls 𝑁=1995	Boys 𝑁=1415	Girls 𝑁=1641	Boys 𝑁=1592	Girls 𝑁=1849
Age (year)	12.5±3.5	12.6±3.6	14.2±4.53	14.7±4.5	16.0±5.6	16.6±5.4
Weight (kg)	44.7±19.2	42.7±15.56 *	53.1±21.8	48.2±16.0 *	59.3±23.6	51.4±15.7 *
BMI (kg/m²)	18.9±4.4	19.0±4.5	20.6±5.0	20.6±4.5	22.0±6.3	21.4±4.6 *
Overweight (%)	19.7	17.5	28.3	23.7*	34.3	27.2*
Obesity (%)	8.3	6*	11.9	8.4*	13.8	8.9*
WC (cm)	65.0±12.5	65.7±10.8 *	73.6±14.6	69.0±11.3 *	77.8±15.8	69.2±11.0 *
Abdominal obesity (%)	12.3	13.7	26.9	14.3*	33.1	13*
SBP (mmHg)	106.2±12.2	103.6±11.3 *	104.0±13.0	98.8±11.3 *	104.6±13.2	98.3±11.3 *
DBP (mmHg)	71.1±9.5	71.2±9.4	67.2±10.0	67.2±9.4	67.5±10.5	64.7±9.6 *
FBG (mg/dL)	88.9±11.3	86.9±8.3 *	88.7±11.6	86.2±7.4 *	86.9±7.5	84.7±7.0 *
TG (mg/dL)	103.7±60.7	107.9±54.9 *	101.6±54.4	99.0±47.7	105.2±61.4	94.6±45.9 *
HDL-C (mg/dL)	44.0±10.8	44.0±10.5	40.8±10.3	41.5±10.1	42.8±10.3	45.6±10.4 *

Data are presented as mean (SD) or percent.
BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; TG, triglycerides HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Overweight defined as ≥85th to <95th percentile of BMI for age and sex; obesity defined as ≥95th percentile of BMI for age and sex; abdominal obesity defined as WC ≥ 90th percentile for age and sex.
^∗𝑃<0.001 (between boys and girls in each phase).