Effects of Diet, Aerobic Exercise, or Both on Non-HDL-C in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Table 2

Changes in non-HDL-C (mg/dL).

Variable	Studies^#	Participants^#; (I + C)	ES^#	𝑥 (95% CI); (mg/dL)	P	𝑄(P)	𝐼^2 (%)	95% PI
Diet	6	402	7	−8.5 (−18.6, 1.6)	𝟎.𝟏𝟎^∗∗	0.8 (0.99)	0	−21.7, 4.8
Exercise	6	389	7	3.0 (−7.1, 13.1)	0.60	0.8 (0.99)	0	−10.3, 16.3
Diet + Exercise	6	387	7	−11.1 (−21.7, −0.6)	𝟎.𝟎𝟒^∗	2.4 (0.88)	0	−24.4, 2.1

^#Number; ES: effect sizes; 𝑥 (95% CI), mean ± 95% confidence intervals; P: alpha value for changes in non-HDL-C; 𝑄(P): Cochran’s 𝑄 statistic and associated alpha value; 𝐼² (%): percentage of inconsistency; 95% PI: 95% prediction intervals; I + C: intervention + control; *statistically significant at 𝑃≤0.05; **trend (>0.05 to ≤0.10) for statistical significance; To convert changes in mg/dL to mmol, divide by 38.67.