Serum Cholesterol Reduction Efficacy of Biscuits with Added Plant Stanol Ester

Table 4

Changes in lipid profiles between control and stanol groups (for all subjects and subgroups of subjects who consume a biscuit with and without meal)¹.

	Control; ( = 60)	Stanol
		Total		Biscuit with meal		Biscuit without meal
		( = 59)		( = 33)		( = 26)
		Value	Mean difference from control^3	Value	Mean difference from control^3	Value	Mean difference from control^3
Total Cholesterol, mmol/L
Baseline	6.01 ± 0.62	6.02 ± 0.78	0.02 ± 0.12	6.26 ± 0.74	0.25 ± 0.14	5.72 ± 0.73	−0.29 ± 0.15
4 weeks	6.11 ± 0.69	5.81 ± 0.72	−0.30 ± 0.13	5.93 ± 0.70^a	−0.18 ± 0.15	5.66 ± 0.73^**	−0.45 ± 0.16
Difference from baseline^2	0.11 ± 0.47	−0.21 ± 0.63^**	−0.31 ± 0.10	−0.33 ± 0.55^**	−0.43 ± 0.11	−0.06 ± 0.71	−0.17 ± 0.15
% change from baseline^2	2.0 ± 7.7	−2.9 ± 10.6^**	−4.81 ± 1.70	−4.9 ± 8.4^**	−6.80 ± 1.72	−0.4 ± 12.8	−2.30 ± 2.68
LDL Cholesterol, mmol/L
Baseline	4.13 ± 0.60	4.12 ± 0.75	−0.00 ± 0.12	4.37 ± 0.74	0.24 ± 0.14	3.81 ± 0.65	−0.31 ± 0.14
4 weeks	4.14 ± 0.68	3.87 ± 0.64	−0.27 ± 0.12	3.97 ± 0.68^a	−0.17 ± 0.15	3.73 ± 0.57^**	−0.41 ± 0.15
Difference from baseline^2	0.01 ± 0.48	−0.26 ± 0.50^**	−0.27 ± 0.09	−0.40 ± 0.37^**	−0.41 ± 0.10	−0.08 ± 0.58	−0.09 ± 0.12
% change from baseline^2	0.7 ± 11.5	−5.4 ± 12.1^**	−6.06 ± 2.16	−8.9 ± 8.3^**	−9.61 ± 2.07	−0.9 ± 14.6	−1.56 ± 2.94
HDL Cholesterol, mmol/L
Baseline	1.59 ± 0.46	1.58 ± 0.34	−0.01 ± 0.07	1.56 ± 0.32	−0.03 ± 0.08	1.62 ± 0.37	0.03 ± 0.10
4 weeks	1.64 ± 0.45^a	1.63 ± 0.41	−0.01 ± 0.08	1.62 ± 0.39	−0.03 ± 0.09	1.64 ± 0.44	0.00 ± 0.10
Difference from baseline^2	0.05 ± 0.17	0.04 ± 0.17	−0.01 ± 0.03	0.06 ± 0.13	0.00 ± 0.03	0.03 ± 0.22	−0.03 ± 0.04
% change from baseline^2	4.1 ± 9.94	2.5 ± 10.8	−1.54 ± 1.90	3.2 ± 8.7	−0.90 ± 2.07	1.8 ± 13.0	−2.35 ± 2.87
Ratio LDL/HDL cholesterol
Baseline	2.84 ± 0.97	2.74 ± 0.80	−0.10 ± 0.16	2.93 ± 0.81	0.09 ± 0.20	2.49 ± 0.74	−0.35 ± 0.19
4 weeks	2.75 ± 1.01	2.52 ± 0.73^a	−0.23 ± 0.16	2.60 ± 0.77^a	−0.15 ± 0.20	2.42 ± 0.67	−0.34 ± 0.19
Difference from baseline^2	−0.09 ± 0.33	−0.22 ± 0.33^*	−0.13 ± 0.06	−0.33 ± 0.26^**	−0.24 ± 0.07	−0.07 ± 0.37	0.01 ± 0.08
% change from baseline^2	−2.9 ± 11.1	−7.1 ± 12.4^*	−4.25 ± 2.16	−11.4 ± 8.4^**	−8.48 ± 2.23	−1.8 ± 14.6	1.12 ± 3.20
Triglyceride, mmol/L
Baseline	1.40 ± 0.69	1.37 ± 0.56	−0.03 ± 0.12	1.33 ± 0.59	−0.07 ± 0.14	1.42 ± 0.52	0.02 ± 0.15
4 week	1.32 ± 0.60	1.31 ± 0.78	−0.01 ± 0.13	1.33 ± 0.95	0.00 ± 0.16	1.28 ± 0.50	−0.04 ± 0.13
Difference from baseline^2	−0.08 ± 0.54	−0.06 ± 0.51	−0.01 ± 0.10	−0.01 ± 0.61	0.07 ± 0.12	−0.14 ± 0.32	−0.06 ± 0.11
% change from baseline^2	3.5 ± 50.9	−3.4 ± 28.4	−6.86 ± 7.57	−0.6 ± 32.2	−4.03 ± 9.79	−7.0 ± 22.7	−10.45 ± 10.42

Values are means ± SD. To convert cholesterol and triglyceride vales to mg/dL, multiply by 38.67 and 88.57, respectively.
²Percentage change is based on individual data, (4 weeks-baseline)/baseline × 100.
³Mean Difference is the mean difference between intervention and control group, comparison between groups by independent samples -test.
< 0.05, significant change over time comparing to baseline.
< 0.01, significantly different from control; < 0.05, significantly different from control.