Numerical Simulation and Investigation of System Parameters of Sonochemical Process

Table 7

Simulation summary of sonochemical process with different solvent as cavitation medium.

	Conditions at the first collapse of the bubble
	H2O2	C6H5–CH3	C6H12
	𝑇max=3179 K	𝑇max=4835 K	𝑇max=1151 K
	𝑃max=355 MPa	𝑃max=961.7 MPa	𝑃max=44.55 MPa
	𝑉turb=0.25 m/s	𝑉turb=0.15 m/s	𝑉turb=0.005 m/s
	𝑃AW=12.61 MPa	𝑃AW=30.16 MPa	𝑃AW=188 kPa
	𝑁N2=1.31×10^10	𝑁N2=1.13×10^9	𝑁N2=1.07×10^10
	𝑁O2=3.47×10^9	𝑁O2=2.99×10^8	𝑁O2=2.85×10^9
	𝑁W=1.21×10^9	𝑁T=4.02×10^3	𝑁H=6.05×10^10
Species	Equilibrium composition of species in the bubble at collapse
	H2O2	C6H5–CH3	C6H12
N2	7.09×10^−1	7.17×10^−1	1.40×10^−1
O2	1.66×10^−1	1.26×10^−1	—
H2O	5.37×10^−2	—	6.28×10^−2
N	—	1.92×10^−4	—
O	1.38×10^−3	2.06×10^−2	—
H	5.90×10^−5	1.51×10^−6	—
N3	—	3.86×10^−6	—
O3	5.44×10^−6	3.84×10^−5	—
H2	1.77×10^−4	—	8.98×10^−1
OH	6.96×10^−3	1.95×10^−5	—
HO2	4.10×10^−4	1.04×10^−6	—
H2O2	2.68×10^−5	—	—
NO	5.14×10^−2	1.42×10^−1	—
NO2	1.23×10^−3	2.29×10^−3	—
NO3	—	1.66×10^−6	—
N2O	1.49×10^−4	7.48×10^−4	—
N2O3	—	1.15×10^−6	—
HNO	1.91×10^−5	—	—
HNO2	1.57×10^−4	—	—
CO	—	7.10×10^−6	1.18×10^−2
CO2	—	1.26×10^−5	7.02×10^−4
NH3	—	—	9.90×10^−3
HCN	—	—	1.48×10^−5
CH4	—	—	2.37
C2H4	—	—	1.11×10^−4
C2H6	—	—	4.09×10^−3

Note: dissolved gas = air, initial bubble size (𝑅₀)=5 µm, temperature (𝑇)=303 K, static pressure (𝑃₀)=100 kPa, and frequency (𝑓)=35 kHz.