A Numerical Scheme to Solve Fractional Optimal Control Problems

Figure 5

Numerical solutions to the free final time problem (53)–(55), using fractional necessary optimality conditions (dashed lines) and approximation of the problem to an integer order optimal control problem (dash-dotted lines).

(a) 𝑥(𝑡);𝑁=2

(b) 𝑢(𝑡);𝑁=2