Membrane Omega-3 Fatty Acid Deficiency as a Preventable Risk Factor for Comorbid Coronary Heart Disease in Major Depressive Disorder

Table 1

Omega-3 index in patients with MDD.

Study	Country	Blood fraction	Sample size (case : control)	Omega-3 index^1 (case : control)	Δ
Maes et al. [103]	Belgium	Plasma	36∶24	3.6∶3.8	−5%
Maes et al. [104]	Belgium	Plasma	34∶14	4.5∶4.9	−7%
Tiemeier et al. [107]	Netherlands	Plasma	106∶461	4.4∶4.6	−4%
Peet et al. [106]	U.K.	RBC	15∶15	3.6∶6.3	−42%
Edwards et al. [102]	U.K.	RBC	14∶10	3.8∶5.4	−31%
McNamara et al. [105]	U.S.	RBC	17∶20	3.8∶4.8	−21%
Total	—	—	218∶548	3.9∶5.0	−21%

▵ = Mean percent difference from controls1Mean EPA+DHA wt % total fatty acid composition.