Risk of Mortality (Including Sudden Cardiac Death) and Major Cardiovascular Events in Atypical and Typical Antipsychotic Users: A Study with the General Practice Research Database

Table 4

Confounding by underlying psychiatric disease comparing rates of all-cause mortality (excluding suicide) or cardiac mortality in the psychiatric nonuser cohort to that of the general population controls.

Outcome	Psychiatric Disease	No. of cases	Incidence rate per 1000 person-years	Age, sex-adjusted relative risk (RR) (95% CI)	Fully adjusted RR (aRR) (95% CI)
Mortality	None (general population)	295	10.9	Reference	Reference
	Patients with bipolar disorders	43	15.2	1.50 (1.09–2.07)^†	1.40 (1.01–1.95)^†
	None (general population)	19,858	96.5	Reference	Reference
	Dementia	4,445	142.8	1.54 (1.49–1.59)^‡	1.45 (1.40–1.50)^‡
	None (general population)	8,890	9.9	Reference	Reference
	Major depression	3,230	11.3	1.40 (1.35–1.46)^‡	1.05 (0.98–1.12)
	None (general population)	513	10.1	Reference	Reference
	Schizophrenia	55	23.1	2.23 (1.69–2.94)^‡	1.99 (1.50–2.65)^‡
Cardiac mortality	None (general population)	34	1.8	Reference	Reference
	Patients with bipolar disorders	5	2.4	—(NC^#)	—(NC^#)
	None (general population)	4257	28.9	Reference	Reference
	Dementia	795	32.2	1.16 (1.08–1.25)^‡	1.15 (1.06–1.24)^‡
	None (general population)	1363	2.4	Reference	Reference
	Major depression	484	2.7	1.39 (1.25–1.54)^‡	1.00 (0.85–1.17)
	None (general population)	66	2.2	Reference	Reference
	Schizophrenia	8	5.5	2.04 (0.98–4.26)*	—(NC^#)

^∗𝑃<0.10, ^†𝑃<0.05, ^‡𝑃<0.01, ^#Not calculable due to small number of cases.