Sex Differences in Associations of Depressive Symptoms with Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Metabolic Syndrome among African Americans

Table 2

Regression coefficients of associations between CES-D scores and CVD risk factors (continuous scores) by sex.

Outcome variable	Women				Men
	CES-D scores (0 to 60 points)				CES-D scores (0 to 60 points)
	𝑁	𝛽	𝐵 (SE)	𝑃	𝑁	𝛽	𝐵 (SE)	𝑃
SBP (mmHg)	573	.08	.001 (.00)	.042*	494	.06	.000 (.00)	.183
DBP (mmHg)	573	.08	.001 (.00)	.077^‡	494	−.01	.000 (.00)	.861
WHR	582	.10	.001 (.00)	.016*	483	−.04	.000 (.00)	.346
CHOL (mg/dL)	254	−.10	−.469 (.29)	.111	239	.05	.378 (.53)	.480
HDL-C (mg/dL)	254	−.18	−.355 (.12)	.003**	238	.07	.216 (.19)	.257
LDL-C (mg/dL)	254	−.03	−.137 (.26)	.598	237	.07	.391 (.41)	.338
TG (mg/dL)	254	.02	.117 (.40)	.767	239	−.05	−.771 (1.2)	.504
GLU (mg/dL)	308	.01	.078 (.28)	.782	284	−.08	−.561 (.35)	.114
hsCRP (mg/L)	254	.00	.001 (.10)	.988	238	.17	.421 (.17)	.011*

Significance values for the CES-D in multiple regression models: **𝑃<.01; *𝑃<.05; ^‡𝑃=.07.
Data shown are for multiple regressions after adjustments for age, poverty status, BMI; histories of CVD, hypertension, and/or diabetes; medication use (i.e., antihypertensive, antidiabetes, cholesterol reduction, antidepressants, and hormone replacement therapy); menopausal status; lifetime histories of smoking and drug use; and alcohol use in past week. (Exceptions: covariates BMI, history of hypertension, and history of diabetes were omitted from the models for WHR, SBP/DBP, and fasting glucose, resp. Menopause status and hormone replacement therapy were omitted from models for men.)