Review Article

Risk Factors Associated with Cognitive Decline after Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review

Table 6

Studies investigating POCD associated with temperature during cardiac surgery.

StudyStudy
design
Number of
patients
Mean temperature (Celsius)Time of assessmentOutcome

Grimm et al., 2000 [87]RCT144(1) Normothermia: 37°C
(2) Hypothermia: 32°C
1 week and 4 monthsImproved cognition
(with normothermia)

Shaaban-Ali et al., 2002 [88]RCT60(1) Normothermia: 34°C
(2) Hypothermia: 28°C
5 daysImproved cognition
(with normothermia)

Nathan et al., 1995 [89]Obsv.30Maintain ≤ 34°C1 weekImproved cognition
(with hypothermia)

Grocott et al., 2002 [90]Obsv.300Post-op hypothermia only6 weeksImproved cognition
(with hypothermia)

Kadoi et al., 2004 [91]RCT60(1) Normothermia: 37°C
(2) Hypothermia: 32°C
1 monthImproved cognition
(with hypothermia)

Boodhwani et al., 2006 [92]RCT448(1) Normothermia: 37°C
(2) Hypothermia: 34°C
1 weekImproved cognition
(with hypothermia)

Hiraoka et al., 2012 [93]Obsv.11Hypothermia: 20–22°C3 weeks and 6 monthsImproved cognition
(with hypothermia)

McLean et al., 1994 [94]RCT155(1) Hyperthermia: >34°C
(2) Hypothermia: <28°C
5 days and 3 monthsNo difference

Regragui et al., 1996 [95]RCT97(1) Normothermia: 37°C
(2) Hypothermia: 28°C & 32°C
6 weeksNo difference

Heyer et al., 1997 [96]RCT99(1) Normothermia: 34°C
(2) Hypothermia: 28°C
Discharge and 6 weeksNo difference

Kneebone et al., 1998 [97]Obsv.50(1) Normothermia: 37°C
(2) Hypothermia: 30–32°C
1 weekNo difference

Reich et al., 1999 [98]Obsv.149(1) Deep hypothermia: 12–15°C (<25 mins)
(2) Deep hypothermia: 12–15°C (>25 mins)
1 monthNo difference

Kaukinen et al., 2000 [99]RCT36(1) Normothermia: 36-37°C
(2) Hypothermia: 28°C
5 days and 11–23 monthsNo difference

Górna et al., 2001 [100]Obsv.33No full text3–10 daysNo difference

Grigore et al., 2001 [101]RCT300(1) Normothermia: 35.5–36.5°C
(2) Hypothermia: 28–30°C
6 weeksNo difference

Kaukuntla et al., 2004 [102]Obsv.60(1) Normothermia: 35°C
(2) Differential temperature management
1 and 8 weeksNo difference

Reich et al., 2004 [103]Obsv.61Monitoring during deep hypothermic arrest (28°C)DischargeNo difference

Boodhwani et al., 2007 [33]RCT268(1) Normothermia: 37°C
(2) Hypothermia: 34°C
Discharge and 3 monthsNo difference

Kunihara et al., 2007 [104]Obsv.26(1) Normothermia: 34°C
(2) Hypothermia: 22°C
1 weekNo difference

Obsv.: observational.