Baseline Oxidative Stress Is Associated with Memory Changes in Omega-3 Fatty Acid Treated Coronary Artery Disease Patients
Table 1
Baseline participant characteristics.
Variable, mean (SE)
Placebo
N-3 PUFA
/
value
Age
59.8 (1.2)
62.6 (1.4)
2.13
.15
Male, %
74
80
0.44
.51
Education, yrs
15.7 (0.5)
14.9 (0.6)
1.17
.28
Cardiovascular history
Event/procedure
0.80
.85
MI, %
39
31
PTCA, %
37
38
CABG, %
22
28
Vascular risk factors, # of 5
2.8 (0.2)
3.1 (0.2)
0.89
.35
VO2 peak, % age and sex norm
73% (24%)
73% (20%)
0.03
.86
Medications
Antidiabetic, %
13
26
2.17
.14
Antihypertensive, %
69
82
1.86
.17
Anti-inflammatory, %
4
2
0.22
.64
Platelet inhibitor, %
98
92
1.43
.21
Statin, %
100
98
1.16
.28
Psychometric performance
Composite recall, Z-score
0.23 (0.16)
0.06 (0.16)
0.61
.44
Verbal recall, Z-score
0.37 (0.16)
0.30 (0.16)
0.10
.75
Visuospatial recall, Z-score
0.08 (0.19)
−0.19 (0.18)
1.02
.32
HAM-D score
7.6 (0.8)
6.8 (1.1)
0.32
.57
Blood markers
Plasma EPA + DHA/AA ratio
0.34 (0.03)
0.33 (0.02)
0.12
.73
Serum LPH, mol/L
18.2 (1.9)
17.7 (2.0)
0.03
.87
Serum 4-HNE, fmol/g
46.4 (2.2)
44.5 (2.7)
0.27
.60
Serum 8-ISO, pg/mL
0.13 (0.01)
0.11 (0.01)
1.06
.31
Serum MDA, mol/L
0.04 (<0.01)
0.04 (<0.01)
0.02
.89
SE, standard error; N-3 PUFA, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid; , -statistic of analysis of variance; , chi-squared test statistic; MI, myocardial infarction; PTCA, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; VO2 peak, peak volume of oxygen uptake during cardiac stress test; HAM-D, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; AA, arachidonic acid; LPH, lipid hydroperoxides; 4-HNE, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal; 8-ISO, 8-isoprostane; MDA, malondialdehyde. may have had both an event and one or more procedures. risk factors: hypertension, obesity (body mass index ≥ 30), dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and smoking.
