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| Case | Date | Clinical presentation | Laboratory finding | Histopathology | Treatment |
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| A case of discoid lupus erythematosus of the eyelid [6] | 2006 | A 39-year-old man presented with erosive erythema of the left lower eyelid | Antinuclear antibody,
anti-double-stranded (ds) DNA,
anti-Sm antibody,
anti-SS- A, and
anti-SS-B were all negative | A biopsy from the eyelid showed liquefaction and degeneration of the basal layer of the epidermis and the appendage epithelium. The finding is consistent with DLE.
The patient response to prednisolone | Prednisolone 10 mg/day, antiallergic drug (cetirizine hydrochloride), and betamethasone sodium phosphate eye drop for 2 years.
The skin lesion resolved over 8 months |
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| A case report of lupus erythematosus tumidus converted from discoid lupus erythematosus [7] | 2018 | A 62-year-old Chinese man presented with a one-year history of recurrent erythematous facial plaques and bilateral swelling of the eyelid | Antinuclear antibodies were positive. Anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies, anti-RO/SS-A, and anti-La/SS-B antibodies were all negative | Histopathology demonstrated liquefaction degeneration of basal cells and perivascular and periadnexal infiltration lymphocytes | Prednisolone 1 mg/kg/day combined with hydroxychloroquine 200 mg twice per day and topical tacrolimus.
The patient had complete recovery over 4 months with no relapse over 6 months |
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| Cheek and periorbital peculiar discoid lupus erythematosus: a rare clinical presentation mimicking tinea faciei cutaneous granulomatous disease or blepharitis [8] | 2015 | A 39-year-old Japanese man was found to have erythema on his right eyelid and right cheek in 2010 | Anti-double-stranded DNA antigen, anti- SSA antigen, and anti-SBB antigen were all negative | Histopathology showed parakeratosis and hyperkeratosis of the horny layer and hydropic degeneration and vacuolar changes in the basal layer; the findings were consistent with DLE | Tacrolimus ointment was used with a good response |
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| Discoid lupus erythematosus masquerading as chronic blepharoconjunctivitis [9] | 2005 | A 33-year-old Caucasian man complaining of his lower eyelid for 8 months was diagnosed with discoid lupus | Antinuclear antibody was negative | Biopsy showed hyperkeratosis of the epithelium, thickened basement membrane, basal cell vacuolation, and dermal inflammation | 6 weeks of hydroxychloroquine improved with 6 months follow-up |
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| | | A 58-year-old Caucasian woman presented with a complain of eyelid redness and thickening on the right side looks greater | Antinuclear antibody was negative | Biopsy results showed benign chronic inflammation in the dermis, hyperkeratosis of the epithelium, thickened basement membrane, basal cell vacuolation, and telangiectasias, which was consistent with discoid lupus | Treatment with hydroxychloroquine |
| | | A 54-year-old Caucasian woman presented with 25 years of chronic inflammation and scarring of the eyelid and philtrum | Antinuclear antibodies were negative | Biopsy from the right lower eyelid showed epithelial atrophy, focal dyskeratosis, and a thickened basement membrane with an area of focal destruction | Treated with hydroxychloroquine 200 mg twice a day and showed marked improvement over 2 months |
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| | | A 41-year-old Caucasian woman presented with 2-year history of eyelid redness and conjunctival infection | Antinuclear antibodies were negative | Biopsy showed granular deposition of IgM, IgG, IgA, and C3 along with the dermo-epidermal junction which was consistent with DLE | Hydroxychloroquine 200 mg was bid orally and showed improvement over 2 weeks of treatment |
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| Discoid lupus erythematosus of the periorbital edema: clinical dilemmas and diagnostic delays [10] | 2012 | A 50-year-old Caucasian woman presented with a complain of painless and slowly progressive right periorbital swelling | The article did not mention the serology study | Biopsy showed perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate throughout the dermis and the basal epidermal layer, with florid lichenoid changes and vacuolar degeneration which were consistent with DLE | Oral corticosteroid was started, with improvement noticed over 12 months |
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| | | A 48-year-old Afro-Caribbean female complains of blepharitis with a demarcated area of depigmentation of both lower lid margins | | Biopsy showed chronic inflammation which was consistent with DLE | The patient was treated with hydroxychloroquine with good response |
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| | | A 23-year-old Afro-Caribbean male complains of persistent right lower lid swelling | | Biopsy showed features that confirmed DLE | The patient was started on hydroxychloroquine, but due to poor compliance there was no response |
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| Eyelid discoid lupus erythematosus and contact dermatitis: a case report [11] | 2004 | A 71-year-old white female complains of watery eyelids with itching and redness for 10 years | Antinuclear antibodies, anti-DNA, anti-Sm, anti-RNP, anticardiolipin, SS-A (Ro), and SS-B (La) were all negative | Biopsy showed basal cell vacuolar alteration. Showed IgA, IgG, IgM, and C3 intense granular deposits in a band-like pattern along the dermalepidermal junction | Treatment with chloroquine 250 mg/day for 3 months. But this was stopped due to side effects and treatment was changed to corticosteroid |
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| Periorbital edema and erythema: an unusual localization of DLE in a patient with psoriasis [12] | 2010 | A 33-year-old woman presented with complain of malar erythema and left eye periorbital swelling for 2 years | Antinuclear antibodies and anti-DNA antibodies were negative | Biopsy showed vacuolar degeneration at the basal layer of the epidermis with mild hyperkeratosis. Perivascular lymphocytic infiltration and scattered melanophages on the upper dermis | Hydroxychloroquine 400 mg od po and topical corticosteroid |
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| Severe chronic blepharitis and scarring ectropion associated with discoid lupus erythematosus [13] | 2013 | A 45-year-old Caucasian woman presented with complain of eyelid redness and irritation for 21 years | Antinuclear antibodies were negative | Biopsy showed hyperkeratosis of the epithelium and a thick basement membrane and a sign of chronic inflammation which was consistent with DLE | The patient was started on hydroxychloroquine 200 mg bid po, with improvement noticed over 2 months |
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