Efficacy of the New Double-Layer Stent for Unresectable Distal Malignant Biliary Obstruction: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

Table 2

Incidence of stent malfunction.

	DLS (24)	New DLS (23)	UMS (17)
Mean patency time	74 ± 66	160 ± 136^*1	196 ± 147^*3
Stent malfunction	16	15^*2	7^*3
(%)	(66.6)	(65.2)	(41.1)
Ingrowth	0	0	4
Overgrowth	2	1	0
Sludge	5	3	0
Food scraps	2	4	1
Impaction (bile duct)	3	3	0
Impaction (duodenal wall)	3	1	1
Other	1	3	1
Complication	3	2^*2	0^*3
(%)	(12.5)	(8.7)	(0)
Cholecystitis	2	0	0
Pancreatitis	1	0	0
Hemorrhage	0	0	0
Migration	0	1	0
Other	0	1	0

DLS versus new DLS: ^*1𝑃<0.05. ^*2n.s. UMS versus new DLS: ³n.s.