Review Article

Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy for the Treatment of Achalasia: An Analysis

Table 2

Adverse events associated with POEM.

AuthorsPatients ( )Adverse events*, Additional treatment

Inoue et al. [13]171 pneumoperitoneum Veress needle

Swanström et al. [14]52 small perforations in gastric cardia
3 capnoperitoneum
Endoscopic clips
Veress needle

von Renteln et al. [15]166 minor cutaneous emphysema
8 capnoperitoneum treated with Veress needle
1 small perforation at GEJ, treated with endoscopic clips
Veress needle
Endoscopic clips

Costamagna et al. [16]112 small perforations at junctional flap
Asymptomatic pneumomediastinum in all patients
2 transient cervical emphysema
Endoscopic clips

Chiu et al. [17]161 aspiration pneumonia
2 transient cervical emphysema
Hospital admission and monitoring

Hungness et al. [21]187 capnoperitoneum
1 contained perforation at the EGJ
Veress needle

Ren et al. [25]11966 subcutaneous emphysema
30 pneumothorax
35 mediastinal emphysema
1 delayed hemorrhage
58 pleural effusions
59 inflammations/atelectases of the lungs
47 aeroperitonea

Zhou et al. [24]121 small perforation at GEJ, treated with endoscopic clips
3 capnoperitoneum, one treated with Veress needle
4 pneumothorax, one treated with thoracic tube
4 mediastinal emphysema
2 subcutaneous emphysema
Endoscopic clips
Veress needle
Thoracic tube

Verlaan et al. [18]10No complications reportedNone

Minami et al. [20]281 perforation at GEJ, treated with endoscopic clips
2 postoperative bleedings
Endoscopic clips

Lee et al. [19]13No complications reportedNone

Von Renteln et al. [22]703 clip dislocation at mucosal closure
1 perforation at mucosal entry site
3 mucosal injuries
1 bleeding requiring intervention
1 cap detached in submucosal tunnel
1 delayed bleeding (hematoma)
Endoscopic reclipping
Endoscopic clips
Endoscopic clips
Endoscopic hemostasis
Endoscopic removal
Hospital admission and monitoring

includes all reported outcomes, including nonclinically significant and asymptomatic adverse events.