Research Article
Capsule Endoscopy for Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients with Comorbid Rheumatic Diseases
Table 1
Demographic and clinical characteristics of included cases.
| | Characteristics |
Negative CE () |
Positive CE () | value |
RHEUM CE () |
Non-RHEUM CE () | value | | (%) | SD | (%) | SD | (%) | SD | (%) | SD |
| | Mean age (years) | 64.50 | 17.05 | 67.68 | 9.59 | 0.449 | 66.44 | 12.91 | 63.19 | 15.26 | 0.183 | | Gender (male) | 3 (18.8) | | 8 (32.0) | | 0.478 | 11 (26.8) | | 321 (51.2) | | 0.003 | | Status (inpatient) | 2 (12.5) | | 6 (24.0) | | 0.448 | 8 (19.5) | | 42 (6.7) | | 0.008 | | Indication for CE | | | | | 0.121 | | | | | 0.483 | | Occult | 5 (31.3) | | 14 (56.0) | | | 19 (46.3) | | 326 (52.0) | | | | Overt | 11 (68.8) | | 11 (44.0) | | | 22 (53.7) | | 301 (48.0) | | | | Occult breakdown | | | | | | | | | | | | Anemia | 1 (20.0) | | 0 (0) | | | 1 (5.3) | | 18 (2.9) | | | | IDA | 3 (60.0) | | 4 (28.6) | | | 7 (36.8) | | 130 (20.7) | | | | FOBT+ | 1 (20.0) | | 10 (71.4) | | | 11 (57.9) | | 178 (28.4) | | | | Overt breakdown | | | | | | | | | | | | Hematemesis | 1 (6.3) | | 0 (0) | | | 1 (2.4) | | 9 (1.4) | | | | Hematochezia | 4 (25.0) | | 4 (16.0) | | | 8 (19.5) | | 124 (19.8) | | | | Melena | 6 (37.5) | | 8 (32.0) | | | 14 (34.2) | | 193 (30.8) | | | | Duration of problem | | | | | 0.865 | | | | | 0.309 | | 0–8 weeks | 2 (12.5) | | 3 (12.0) | | | 5 (12.2) | | 44 (7.0) | | | | 9–24 weeks | 2 (12.5) | | 2 (8.0) | | | 4 (9.8) | | 51 (8.1) | | | | >24 weeks | 12 (75.0) | | 20 (80.0) | | | 32 (78.1) | | 532 (84.9) | | | | Mean EGDs | 1.63 | 0.96 | 1.96 | 1.81 | 0.507 | 1.83 | 1.53 | 1.84 | 1.09 | 0.956 | | Mean enteroscopies | 0.38 | 0.50 | 0.52 | 0.51 | 0.393 | 0.46 | 0.50 | 0.56 | 1.07 | 0.553 | | Mean colonoscopies | 1.56 | 0.81 | 1.56 | 0.71 | 1.000 | 1.56 | 0.74 | 1.90 | 1.17 | 0.067 | | Excessive alcohol | 0 (0) | | 1 (4.0) | | 1.000 | 1 (2.4) | | 43 (6.9) | | 0.510 | | Smoking | 0 (0) | | 1 (4.0) | | 1.000 | 1 (2.4) | | 65 (10.4) | | 0.169 | | NSAIDs | 2 (12.5) | | 7 (28.0) | | 0.441 | 9 (22.0) | | 23 (3.7) | | <0.001 | | Antiplatelet/coagulation | 4 (25.0) | | 5 (20.0) | | 0.717 | 9 (22.0) | | 97 (15.5) | | 0.271 | | Oral steroids | 4 (25.0) | | 8 (32.0) | | 0.734 | 12 (29.3) | | 16 (2.6) | | <0.001 | | Proton pump inhibitors | 12 (75.0) | | 15 (60.0) | | 0.323 | 27 (65.9) | | 252 (40.2) | | 0.001 | | Number of transfusions | | | | | 0.623 | | | | | 0.842 | | 0 units | 6 (37.5) | | 5 (20.0) | | | 11 (26.8) | | 177 (28.2) | | | | 1-2 units | 1 (6.3) | | 3 (12.0) | | | 4 (9.8) | | 68 (10.9) | | | | 3–9 units | 4 (25.0) | | 6 (24.0) | | | 10 (24.4) | | 181 (28.9) | | | | ≥10 units | 5 (31.3) | | 11 (44.0) | | | 16 (39.0) | | 201 (32.0) | | |
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CE: capsule endoscopy; EGDs: esophagogastroduodenoscopies; FOBT+: fecal occult blood test positive; IDA: iron deficiency anemia; NSAIDs: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; SD: standard deviation.
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