Opioid Use Is Not Associated with Incomplete Wireless Capsule Endoscopy for Inpatient or Outpatient Procedures

Table 1

Demographics, clinical characteristics, and medication usage of patients receiving WCE grouped by opioid use and location of procedure.

	Inpatients			Outpatients
	No opioids 24 hours	Opioids 24 hours	P value*	No opioids 24 hours	Opioids 24 hours	P value*
Patients	n = 133	n = 147		n = 225	n = 89
Sex (female), n (%)	78 (59%)	90 (61%)	0.61	133 (59%)	64 (73%)	0.02
Age, mean (SD)	65.3 (13.3)	59.3 (15.1)	<0.001	52.6 (17.7)	50.0 (13.9)	0.23
Body mass index, mean (SD)	30.7 (8.1)	29.2 (7.9)	0.23	30.6 (28.6)	29.5 (9.1)	0.52
Bowel preparation, n (%)	133 (100%)	145 (99%)	0.5	220 (99%)	88 (99%)	0.5
Poor preparation, n (%)	11 (8%)	13 (9%)	0.86	16 (7%)	9 (10%)	0.39
Patency capsule performed, n (%)	27 (20%)	17 (12%)	0.045	35 (16%)	28 (31%)	0.002
Total hospital days, n (SD)	11.8 (8.7)	10.0 (7.5)	0.08
WCE hospital day, n (SD)	6.3 (4.5)	5.1 (4.0)	0.02
Clinical characteristics:
Crohn's disease, n (%)	4 (3%)	11 (7%)	0.1	14 (6%)	16 (18%)	0.002
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	68 (51%)	54 (37%)	0.02	46 (21%)	18 (20%)	0.92
Hypothyroidism, n (%)	29 (22%)	22 (15%)	0.14	33 (15%)	15 (17%)	0.68
Small bowel surgery, n (%)	17 (13%)	26 (18%)	0.26	12 (5%)	10 (11%)	0.07
Bariatric surgery, n (%)	5 (4%)	6 (4%)	0.89	4 (2%)	6 (7%)	0.03
History of bowel obstruction, n (%)	3 (2%)	8 (5%)	0.17	6 (3%)	5 (6%)	0.2
Medications:
Prokinetics, n (%)	6 (5%)	10 (7%)	0.41	2 (1%)	3 (3%)	0.11
Beta-blockers, n (%)	87 (65%)	67 (46%)	0.001	63 (28%)	34 (38%)	0.08
Calcium channel blockers, n (%)	29 (22%)	23 (16%)	0.19	20 (9%)	11 (12%)	0.36
Anticholinergics, n (%)	13 (10%)	26 (18%)	0.06	46 (21%)	38 (43%)	<0.001
Iron supplementation, n (%)	37 (28%)	35 (24%)	0.44	76 (34%)	27 (30%)	0.56

*Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests for categorical variables and -tests or Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables.