Factors Significantly Contributing to a Failed Conventional Endoscopic Stone Clearance in Patients with “Difficult” Choledecholithiasis: A Single-Center Experience
Table 2
Clinical characteristics, preprocedural criteria, and periprocedural factors that contributed to the difficulty of endoscopic SE of patients with (a) difficult () and (b) failed () endoscopic BDS clearance.
Clinical characteristics
Failed (%)
Difficult, (%)
Median age in years
78,3
77,1
Gender, (%)
Men
97 (47.3)
100 (45.25)
Women
108 (52.7)
121 (54.75)
Clinical picture, (%)
Jaundice/pain
52 (25.4)
42 (19)
Abnormal blood liver test
49 (23.9)
51 (23.1)
Acute cholangitis
12 (5.8)
24 (10.6)
Acute pancreatitis
9 (4.4)
11 (64.7)
Shock
3 (1.5)
1 (0.45)
Preprocedural criteria and periprocedural factors
Age 85
38 (38)
62 (62)
Periampullary diverticula, (%)
84 (56.4)
65 (43.6)
Multiple stones 4
136 (44.9)
167 (55,1)
Diameter of CBD stone(s) 15 mm
92 (42)
127 (58)
Presence of T-tube in situ + proximal lithiasis
25 (56.8)
19 (43.2)
Extrahepatic biliary tree iatrogenic injury + lithiasis
