Role of Royal Jelly Treated Adipose-Derived Stem Cell-Extracellular Vesicles on Fibroblast Proliferation, Migration, and Collagen Production

Figure 1

Influence of royal jelly (RJ) on cell physiology of normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). (a) Proliferation of each RJ-treated NHDF was measured by WST-1 assay. NHDFs were seeded in 96-well plates and allowed to attach for 24 h. NHDFs were then treated with the indicated concentrations of each RJ sample for 48 h (n = 12). Cell growth was measured using a spectrophotometer at 450 nm (reference: 690 nm). (b) Cell migration assay was performed for 24 h on each RJ-treated NHDF after scratching. (i) Microscopical images representing the in vitro cell migration potency of each RJ-treated NHDF. NHDFs were incubated in the presence or absence of each RJ, and images were captured at 24 h. (ii) Quantitative analysis of NHDF migration potency treated with each RJ (n = 6). (c) Comparison of type I collagen synthesis in NHDFs without treatment (control) and after 72 h of exposure to each RJ (all RJ sample final concentrations = 200 μg/mL). Data are presented as means ± SE. Statistical analysis was performed using the Tukey–Kramer test, and differences were considered significant for values <0.05.

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