Investigating the Impacts of Intraregional Trade and Aid on Per Capita Income in Africa: Case Study of the ECOWAS

Table 2

Hausman tests of endogeneity.

𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑑1	Coefficient of residuals 𝜒𝑖𝑡	𝑃 values	Ho: nonexistence of endogeneity
I	−0.512	0.023**	Reject
II	−0.314	0.021**	Reject
III	−0.326	0.042**	Reject
bmod2	Coefficient of residuals 𝜑𝑖𝑡	𝑃 values	Ho: nonexistence of endogeneity
I	−0.723	0.072*	Reject
II	−0.625	0.006***	Reject
III	−0.129	0.007***	Reject

***Indicates significance at the 1 percent level.
**Indicates significance at the 5 percent level.
*Indicates significance at the 10 percent level.