Review Article
The Real Economics of Climate Engineering
Table 1
Classification of various CE measures.
| | Classification | Effect | Measure | Realization |
| | | Reducing solar irradiation
(lower ; SRM) | Space measures | Placing mirrors or dust in space | | | | Stratospheric measures | Injection of sulfur or nanoparticles | | Radiation management (RM) | Increasing albedo (higher A; SRM) | Cloud measures | Injection of salt aerosols into marine stratus clouds | | | | Surface measures | Modification of crop, forest, desert, or urban albedo | | | Increasing radiation
(lower α; TRM) | Cloud measures | Injection of bismuth(III) iodide into cirrus clouds |
| | | | Biological-based measures | Biochar production, afforestation, ocean iron fertilization | | Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) | Reducing -absorbing atmospheric carbon (lower α) | Chemical-based measures | Spreading pulverized lime or calcium hydroxide in the ocean, air capture | | | | Physical-based measures | Enhancing downwelling currents |
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Source: [16, 17, 22].
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