Research Article
Permissiveness toward Illegal Actions in Uruguay: Has This Attitude Changed in Time?
Table 4
Determinants of permissiveness in 1996.
| | Probit models | Linear Regression | | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
Willingness to justify | | Claiming government benefits to which you are not entitled | Avoiding a fare on public transport | Cheating on taxes if you have a chance | Someone accepting a bribe in the course of their duties |
| Probability of being permissive | 3.61% | 6.81% | 3.60% | 1.51% | | Man | 0.007 | −0.014 | 0.009 | 0.002 | −0.014 | (0.014) | (0.018) | (0.014) | (0.009) | (0.068) | Age | −0.001** | −0.002*** | −0.001 | −0.002*** | −0.008*** | (0.000) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.000) | (0.003) | Incomplete secondary | 0.002 | −0.014 | 0.008 | 0.021 | 0.065 | (0.018) | (0.022) | (0.020) | (0.020) | (0.124) | Complete secondary | −0.024* | −0.036* | −0.017 | −0.011 | −0.144 | (0.013) | (0.020) | (0.016) | (0.010) | (0.102) | University | −0.023 | −0.047** | −0.004 | −0.030** | −0.140*** | (0.016) | (0.020) | (0.021) | (0.012) | (0.038) | Single | 0.099** | 0.010 | 0.053 | 0.040 | 0.246 | (0.057) | (0.034) | (0.045) | (0.042) | (0.156) | Married | −0.013 | −0.042** | −0.006 | 0.003 | −0.109 | (0.016) | (0.022) | (0.016) | (0.011) | (0.077) | No children | −0.037** | 0.003 | −0.022 | −0.008 | −0.070 | (0.015) | (0.029) | (0.019) | (0.013) | (0.102) | One child | −0.001 | 0.003 | 0.027 | −0.002 | 0.068 | (0.017) | (0.024) | (0.022) | (0.012) | (0.092) | Attendance | −0.019 | −0.016 | −0.024* | −0.025* | −0.205** | (0.014) | (0.024) | (0.014) | (0.014) | (0.082) | God | −0.004* | −0.006* | 0.003 | −0.001 | 0.003 | (0.002) | (0.003) | (0.002) | (0.001) | (0.011) | Unemployed | −0.022 | −0.002 | −0.003 | 0.006 | 0.074 | (0.014) | (0.035) | (0.022) | (0.020) | (0.188) | Full time | −0.019 | 0.002 | −0.016 | −0.005 | −0.061 | (0.013) | (0.035) | (0.013) | (0.009) | (0.078) | Income | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.004 | (0.003) | (0.004) | (0.003) | (0.002) | (0.016) | Patriotism | −0.008 | −0.011 | −0.017** | −0.004** | −0.125* | (0.010) | (0.013) | (0.009) | (0.007) | (0.057) | Centre | 0.003 | 0.007 | 0.011 | −0.004 | −0.030 | (0.015) | (0.019) | (0.015) | (0.009) | (0.086) | Right | −0.010 | −0.039** | −0.026* | −0.010* | −0.201* | (0.015) | (0.020) | (0.014) | (0.009) | (0.080) | Montevideo | −0.007 | 0.012 | 0.004 | −0.011 | 0.060 | (0.013) | (0.018) | (0.013) | (0.010) | (0.066) | Observations | 884 | 884 | 884 | 884 | 884 | Pseudo R-squared | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.08 | | R-squared | | | | | 0.08 |
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Notes: (1) robust standard errors in parentheses. (2) *significant at 10%; **significant at 5%; ***significant at 1%.
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