Estolides Synthesis Catalyzed by Immobilized Lipases

Table 1

Comparison between the properties of the product obtained after reaction with oleic acid and methyl ricinoleate using Novozym 435 (6 wt.%) at 80°C and those of estolides reported in the literature.

Lubricant	Pour point (°C)	Viscosity at 40°C (cSt)	Viscosity at 100°C (cSt)	Viscosity index
Product of this study (oleic acid + methyl ricinoleate)	−24	23.9	5.2	153
Cermak and Isbell [17]^a	−27	123.4	16.7	146
Cermak et al. [18]^b	−54	34.5	7.6	196
Hayes and Kleiman [9]^c		126.3	23.11	191
Cermak and Isbell [19]^d	−24	389.1	37.7	143

^aCuphea-oleic estolides.
^bCastor oil estolides.
^cOleic acid estolides.
^dOleic acid estolides + octanoic acid.