Immobilization of Papain on Chitin and Chitosan and Recycling of Soluble Enzyme for Deflocculation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from Bioethanol Distilleries

Table 7

Determination of yield of active immobilized papain and other parameters.

Immobilization protocols^a	Enzyme activity after immobilization (in solution) (%)	Enzyme activity involved in immobilization (%)	Yield^c of active immobilized enzyme (%)	Yield^dof immobilized protein (%) and immob. protein on support (mg⋅g^−1)	Enzymatic activity in support (U/g)
A	81.62	18.37	2.34	0.24 (0.12)	0.23
B	97.53	2.46	6.07	0.3 (0.148)	0.11
C	64.88	35.11	0.29	0.3 (0.15)	0.06
D	57.17	42.82	0.00	13.56 (6.73)	0.00
E	86.18	13.81	0.00	43.58 (21.63)	0.00
F	73.63	26.36	0.08	67.41 (33.46)	0.013
A^′-5 h	27.10	72.89	3.82	35.00 (24.60)	2.07
B^′-5 h	86.13	13.86	15.73	9.06 (4.50)	1.24
C^′-5 h	68.72	31.27	3.56	45.9 (23.90)	0.82
A^′-12 h	18.72	81.27	1.47	44.06 (30.80)	0.83
B^′-12 h	3.36	96.63	1.94	45.9 (23.90)	1.30
C^′-12 h	15.13	84.86	1.39	46.64 (29.40)	0.82

^aProtocols in Tables 1 and 2; ^bcalculated as B × A⁻¹  × 100 where B is the total activity of the enzyme remaining in solution after immobilization process; A is the total activity of the enzyme added to the support; ^ccalculated as total activity of immobilized enzyme (U) × (A − B)⁻¹ × 100; ^dcalculated as C × D⁻¹  × 100 where C is the immobilized protein (g); D is total protein added on support (g), total protein remaining in solution after the immobilization process (g).