Immunomodulatory Effects of Chitotriosidase Enzyme

Table 1

Human diseases associated with elevated chitotriosidase enzyme.

Disease group	Disease	Proposed clinical value (sample type)	References
Lysosomal storage diseases	Gaucher	Screening, therapeutic monitoring (P/S)	[1, 62]
	Niemann-Pick A/B and C	Screening, therapeutic monitoring (P/S)	[65]
	Cystinosis	Therapeutic monitoring (P/S)	[50]
	Fabry	Therapeutic monitoring (P/S)	[66]
	Krabbe	Screening, marker of severity (P/S)	[67]
	Wolman	Therapeutic monitoring (P/S)	[68]
	Farber	Screening (P/S)	[69]
	GM1	Screening (P/S)	[70]
	Sialidosis type II	Screening (P/S)	[71]
Infectious diseases	Systemic fungal infections: Candida albicans, Madurella mycetomatis, and Cryptococcus neoformans	Prognosis, therapeutic monitoring (P/S)	[15–17]
	Malaria	Prognosis (P/S)	[13]
	Filariasis	Screening (P/S)	[14]
	Tuberculosis	Prognosis, therapeutic monitoring (P/S)	[72]
	Brucellosis	Therapeutic monitoring (P/S)	[73]
	Leprosy	Prognosis, therapeutic monitoring (P/S)	[74]
	Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever	Prognosis (P/S)	[34]
Respiratory diseases	Asthma	Marker of severity (P/S)	[19, 21]
	COPD	Marker of severity (P/S, BAL)	[21, 51]
	Interstitial lung disease	Screening, marker of severity (BAL)	[52, 75]
Endocrinological diseases	Diabetes	Marker of endothelial damage (P/S)	[76]
		Marker of nephropathy progression (P/S)	[53]
Cardiovascular diseases	Atherosclerosis	Marker of severity (P/S)	[77, 78]
	Stroke	Prognosis (P/S)	[79]
	Coronary artery disease	Prognosis (P/S)	[80]
	Erectile dysfunction	Marker of severity (P/S)	[81]
Neurological diseases	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	Screening, marker of severity (P/S, CSF)	[24, 82]
	Alzheimer’s disease	Prognosis, marker of severity (CSF)	[23, 83]
	Cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy	Prognosis (P/S, CSF)	[84]
	Neuromyelitis optica	Screening (CSF)	[50]
	Multiple sclerosis	Screening, prognosis (CSF)	[50]
Gynecological and obstetrical diseases	PCOS	Prognosis (P/S)	[85]
	Endometriosis	Marker of severity (P/S)	[86]
	Preeclampsia	Marker of fetal compromise (UC)	[87]
Miscellaneous	NAFLD	Marker of severity (P/S)	[22]
	FMF	Screening, marker of severity (P/S)	[88]
	β-Thalassemia	Marker of severity, therapeutic monitoring (P/S)	[89]
	Sarcoidosis	Marker of severity, therapeutic monitoring (P/S)	[63]
	Acute appendicitis	Screening (P/S)	[90]
	Juvenile idiopathic arthritis	Screening, marker of severity (SV)	[91]
	Prostate cancer	Prognosis (P/S)	[92]

BAL: bronchoalveolar lavage; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; FMF: familial Mediterranean fever; GM1: gangliosidosis M1; NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; PCOS: polycystic ovarian syndrome; P/S: plasma or serum; SV: synovial fluid; UC: umbilical cord blood.