Prenatal Maternal Stress and Physical Abuse among Homeless Women and Infant Health Outcomes in the United States

Table 1

Estimated number of births among women in each PRAMS city/state by US geographic area.

		PRAMS Participants		Homeless*
PRAMS Area	Years	No.	No.^†	No.^†	%^†
East
Maine	2000–2007	8,075	91,889	2,799	3
Maryland	2000–2007	9,102	374,184	14,328	4
New Jersey	2002–2007	9,487	472,135	21,285	5
New York	2000–2007	7,742	775,927	25,667	3
New York City	2004–2007	3,228	250,392	11,073	4
Rhode Island	2002–2007	7,100	59,338	2,488	4
Vermont^‡	2000–2006	7,038	39,451	1,214	3
West Virginia	2000–2007	10,473	117,916	2,441	2
Total		62,245	2,181,232	81,295	4
Midwest
Illinois	2000–2006	11,069	1,029,850	69,918	7
Michigan	2001–2006	6,531	560,904	12,784	2
Minnesota	2002–2007	7,576	313,618	10,648	3
Montana	2002	1,032	10,614	392	4
Nebraska	2000–2006	11,696	148,774	5,774	4
North Dakota	2002	903	7,298	121	2
Ohio	2000–2007	8,881	862,379	21,057	2
Oklahoma	2000–2007	13,271	338,138	15,108	4
Total		60,959	3,271,575	135,802	4
South
Alabama	2000–2004	6,147	228,313	5,595	2
Arkansas	2000–2007	13,961	247,649	11,041	4
Florida	2000–2006	12,086	1,226,157	60,965	5
Georgia	2004–2006	3,333	256,221	10,387	4
Louisiana	2000–2005	9,559	314,628	7,522	2
Mississippi	2003–2007	3,800	105,416	2,612	2
North Carolina	2000–2006	8,922	641,136	28,474	4
South Carolina	2000–2007	9,925	335,517	7,036	2
Total		67,733	3,355,037	133,632	4
West
Alaska	2000–2007	10,298	68,816	2,737	4
Colorado	2000–2007	14,681	461,811	23,877	5
Hawaii	2000–2007	14,032	121,419	2,500	2
New Mexico	2000–2006	8,662	147,033	7,367	5
Oregon	2003–2007	7,144	176,142	11,277	6
Utah	2000–2007	12,539	339,454	11,227	3
Washington	2000–2007	10,583	548,739	31,814	6
Total		77,939	1,977,272	90,799	5
Total		268,876	10,671,258	441,528	4

PRAMS: Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System.
*Homeless within past 12 months.
^†Estimates were weighted to be representative of all women who gave birth in each state during the specified years.
^‡Only data from October through December was available for 2000 in Vermont.