| Source | Disorder | Country | Study period | Sample | Survey | Follow-up (years) | Gender | Estimate type | Effect Size | 95% CI | Factors adjusted for |
|
Murphy et al. [64] | MDD | USA | 1952–1952 | Gen pop 18+ yrs | Structured iv | 17 | M, F | Unadj RR | 1.84, 2.13 | 0.9–3.73, 1.01–4.51 | | Davidson et al. [59] | Unspecified depression | UK | 1982–1986 | Gen pop 65+ yrs | GSM–CATEGO | 3 | M&F | Unadj RR | 1.74 | 1.03–2.94 | | Jorm et al. [54] | MDD | Australia | 1982–1983 | Gen pop 70+ yrs | GMS + MMSE | 5 | M&F | Unadj RR | 1.5 | 1.06–2.11 | | Aromaa et al. [68] | Unspecified depression | Finland | 1978–1981 | Gen pop 40–64 | PSE–CATEGO | 6.6 | M&F | Unadj RR | 2 | 1.35–2.96 | | Bruce et al. [65] | MDD Dysthymia | USA | 1980–1980 | Gen pop 40+ yrs | DIS (DSM3) | 9 | M, F | Unadj RR | 1.16, 0.97 | 0.86–1.57, 0.74–1.29 | | Kouzis et al. [62] | MDD | USA | 1980–1980 | Gen pop 18+ yrs | DIS | 1 | M&F | OR | 2.6 | 1.1–6.0 | Age, sex, marital status, household income | Snowdon and Lane [53] | Unspecified depression | Australia | 1985–1987 | Gen pop 65+ yrs | Clinical iv (DSM3R) | 2 | M&F | Unadj RR | 2.23 | 0.8–6.2 | | Engedal [60] | Unspecified depression | Norway | 1984–1987 | Gen pop 75+ yrs | Clinical iv (DSM3R) | 3 | M&F | OR | 1.9 | 1.0–3.6 | Age | Henderson et al. [55] | Unspecified depression | Australia | 1990–1994 | Gen pop 70+ yrs | CIE | 3.6 | M&F | Unadj RR | 1.26 | 0.69–2.32 | | Pulska et al. [58] | Unspecified depression | Finland | 1984–1985 | Gen pop 65+ yrs | Clinical iv (DSM3) | 5.9 | M, F | RR | 1.21 | 0.94–2.06, 0.85–1.69 | Age, sex, marital status, low education, smoking | Zheng et al. [63] | MDD | USA | 1989–1989 | Gen pop (white) 25+ | Self-reported (71% males and 79% females report diagnosis by physician) | 2.5 | M, F | HRR | 3.1, 1.7 | 2.0–4.9, 0.9–3.1 | Age, education, marital status & BMI | Pulska et al. [66, 67] | MDD | Finland | 1984-1985 | Gen pop 65+ yrs | Clinical iv (DSM3) | 5.9 | M, F | RR | 1.88, 2.06 | 1.11–3.19, 1.25–3.39 | Unadj RR | Pulska et al. [66, 67] | Dysthymia | Finland | 1989-1990 | Gen pop 65+ yrs | Clinical iv (DSM3) | 6 | M, F | RR | 1.52, 1.77 | 1.04–2.21, 1.30–2.40 | Unadj RR | Penninx et al. [61] | MDD | Netherlands | 1992–1997 | Gen pop 55–85 | DIS | 4.2 | M&F | RR | 2.32 | 1.38–3.89 | Age, sex | Vinkers et al. [69] | MDD | Netherlands | 1997–1999 | Gen pop 85+ yrs | GDS–15 (≥4) MMSE (>18) | 3.2 | M&F | RR | 2.07 | 1.35–3.17 | Sex, smoking, alcohol, and other chronic diseases | Adamson et al. [50] | MDD | England | 1996–1998 | Gen pop 75+ | GDS–15 | 3 | M&F | HR | 1.79 | 1.5–2.13 | Age | Bergdahl et al. [56] | MDD | Sweden | 2000–2002 | Gen pop 85+ | Clinical iv (DSM4) | 1 | M&F | Unadj RR | 2.15 | 1.16–3.97 | | Gallo et al. [51] | MDD | USA | 2001–2001 | Primary Care 60+ yrs | SCAN | 2 | M&F | OR | 1.78 | 1.06–2.99 | Age, sex, marital status, education, and smoking | Mogga et al. [52] | MDD | Ethiopia | 1998–2001 | Gen pop 15–49 | CIDI | 3 | M&F | SMR | 3.55 | 1.97–6.39 | Age, sex | Mykletun et al. [49] | Unspecified depression | Norway | 1995–1997 | Gen pop 19+ yrs | HADS | 4.4 | M&F | OR | 1.68 | 1.46–1.92 | Age, sex | Schoevers et al. [57] | Unspecified depression | Netherlands | 1990–2000 | Gen pop 65–84 | GMS–AGECAT | 10 | M&F | Unadj RR | 1.18 | 1.08–1.28 | |
|
|