WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative: Impact of Type of Clothing Worn during Anthropometric Measurements and Timing of the Survey on Weight and Body Mass Index Outcome Measures in 6–9-Year-Old Children
Table 3
Unadjusted and clothes-adjusted mean values of weight-for-age -score and BMI-for-age -score of children aged 6–9 years and relative difference between the unadjusted and clothes-adjusted values, by COSI round and country.
Round and country
Mean -score
Relative difference between unadjusted and clothes-adjusted mean -score (%)
Mean BMI/-score
Relative difference between unadjusted and clothes-adjusted mean BMI/ -score (%)
Unadjusted
Clothes-adjusted country-specific
Clothes-adjusted non-country-specific
Country-specific
Non-country-specific
Unadjusted
Clothes-adjusted country-specific
Clothes-adjusted non-country-specific
Country-specific
Non-country-specific
Round 1
Belgium
0.43
NA
0.40
NA
−7.0
0.28
NA
0.24
NA
−14.3
Bulgaria
0.47
0.41
0.43
−12.8
−8.5
0.44
0.35
0.38
−20.5
−13.6
Czech Republic
0.51
NA
0.51
NA
0
0.17
NA
0.17
NA
0
Ireland
0.61
NA
0.56
NA
−8.2
0.62
NA
0.55
NA
−11.3
Italy
0.92
0.82
0.83
−10.9
−9.8
1.01
0.88
0.89
−12.9
−11.9
Latvia
0.62
0.54
0.56
−12.9
−9.7
0.38
0.26
0.30
−31.6
−21.1
Lithuania
0.72
0.63
0.66
−12.5
−8.3
0.42
0.28
0.33
−33.3
−21.4
Malta
0.55
0.48
0.49
−12.7
−10.9
0.74
0.64
0.66
−13.5
−10.8
Norway
0.60
0.54
0.52
−10.0
−13.3
0.37
0.29
0.26
−21.6
−29.7
Portugal
0.68
0.68
0.67
0
−1.5
0.72
0.72
0.71
0
−1.4
Slovenia
0.82
NA
0.79
NA
−3.7
0.49
NA
0.45
NA
−8.2
Sweden
0.59
0.59
0.56
0
−5.1
0.31
0.31
0.27
0
−12.9
Round 2
Belgium
0.43
NA
0.39
NA
−9.3
0.27
NA
0.22
NA
−18.5
Czech Republic
0.58
NA
0.57
NA
−1.7
0.28
NA
0.28
NA
0
Greece
1.18
NA
1.15
NA
−2.5
1.09
NA
1.05
NA
−3.7
Hungary
0.61
NA
0.57
NA
−6.6
0.39
NA
0.33
NA
−15.4
Ireland
0.56
NA
0.51
NA
−8.9
0.55
NA
0.49
NA
−10.9
Italy
0.85
0.76
0.76
−10.6
−10.6
0.90
0.77
0.78
−14.4
−13.3
Latvia
0.60
0.54
0.56
−10.0
−6.7
0.36
0.27
0.30
−25.0
−16.7
Lithuania
0.63
0.58
0.60
−7.9
−4.8
0.31
0.24
0.27
−22.6
−12.9
Norway
0.68
0.63
0.61
−7.4
−10.3
0.48
0.41
0.38
−14.6
−20.8
Portugal
0.68
0.66
0.67
−2.9
−1.5
0.66
0.62
0.63
−6.1
−4.5
Slovenia
0.82
0.75
0.79
−8.5
−3.7
0.50
0.40
0.46
−20.0
−8.0
Spain
0.89
NA
0.85
NA
−4.5
0.89
NA
0.83
NA
−6.7
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
0.77
0.64
0.72
−16.9
−6.5
0.77
0.58
0.69
−24.7
−10.4
BMI: body mass index; BMI/: BMI-for-age; COSI: Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative; NA: not applicable because the country did not use its own clothes adjustment weights; : weight-for-age. Only children whose age fell within the country-specific targeted age group(s) were included (see Table 1). Body weight was adjusted for the clothes worn when measured using country-specific adjustment weights for all four predefined types of clothing and the clothing answer option “other.” Body weight was adjusted for the clothes worn when measured using the average non-country-specific adjustment weights for the four predefined types of clothing “underwear only,” “gym clothes,” “light clothing,” and “heavy clothing,” and country-specific adjustment weights for the clothing answer option “other.”
