Epidemiology Research International

Research Article

Association of Breastfeeding and the Federal Poverty Level: National Survey of Family Growth, 2011–2013

Table 4

Adjusted stratified logistic regression results with race/ethnicity, gestation, and marital status on breastfeeding, National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) 2011–2013.


	Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval)
	Number	100–199% FPL	200–299% FPL	300–399% FPL	400%+ FPL	value

Maternal race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic white¹	2,337	1.01 (0.61, 1.70)	0.93 (0.53, 1.61)	0.83 (0.44, 1.59)	1.00 (0.52, 1.92)	0.974
Non-Hispanic black²	1,313	1.23 (0.80, 1.90)	1.67 (0.90, 3.11)	1.96 (0.79, 4.88)	1.81 (0.84, 3.91)	0.253
Hispanic³	1,747	1.17 (0.62, 2.19)	1.21 (0.47, 3.09)	0.83 (0.39, 1.76)	2.49 (0.92, 6.76)	0.219
Marital status
Single/separated/widowed/divorced⁴	2,946	1.15 (0.79, 1.68)	1.28 (0.71, 2.32)	1.18 (0.54, 2.56)	1.28 (0.58, 2.84)	0.892
Married⁵	2,451	1.16 (0.64, 2.09)	0.94 (0.53, 1.66)	0.90 (0.43, 1.87)	1.18 (0.58, 2.37)	0.869
Preterm birth
Yes (less than 37 weeks)⁶	705	1.14 (0.64, 2.04)	1.14 (0.66, 1.98)	1.13 (0.51, 2.53)	1.44 (0.66, 3.13)	0.918
No (37 weeks and above)⁷	4,617	1.15 (0.85, 1.58)	1.26 (0.82, 1.93)	0.98 (0.56, 1.73)	1.40 (0.72, 2.75)	0.759
Interactions
Non-Hispanic white, married, not preterm	544	0.60 (0.20, 1.75)	0.64 (0.17, 2.34)	0.64 (0.16, 2.61)	0.81 (0.19, 3.46)	0.864
Non-Hispanic white, single, not preterm	311	0.86 (0.39, 1.90)	0.84 (0.31, 2.32)	0.32 (0.08, 1.27)	0.43 (0.09, 2.08)	0.441
Non-Hispanic white, married, preterm	857	1.12 (0.39, 3.22)	0.56 (0.20, 1.59)	0.71 (0.22, 2.32)	0.86 (0.25, 2.95)	0.866
Non-Hispanic white, single, preterm	625	1.08 (0.57, 2.04)	3.00 (1.39, 6.48)	1.61 (0.54, 4.83)	1.08 (0.37, 3.12)	0.086
Non-Hispanic black, married, not preterm	89	0.76 (0.02, 27.42)	1.51 (0.01, 141.84)	1.89 (0.04, 91.30)	1.03 (0.01, 113.05)	0.987
Non-Hispanic black, single, not preterm	334	1.37 (0.45, 4.12)	0.76 (0.20, 2.86)	7.02 (0.79, 62.55)	0.72 (0.13, 4.02)	0.232
Non-Hispanic black, married, preterm	208	2.09 (0.55, 7.93)	2.43 (0.49, 12.01)	14.20 (1.61, 125.07)	6.08 (0.66, 55.59)	0.083
Non-Hispanic black, single, preterm	682	1.42 (0.76, 2.66)	2.28 (0.79, 6.59)	1.38 (0.38, 4.99)	2.04 (0.50, 8.36)	0.547
Hispanic, married, not preterm	204	Limited cell sizes	Limited cell sizes	Limited cell sizes	Limited cell sizes
Hispanic, single, not preterm	250	0.83 (0.33, 2.08)	0.07 (0.01, 0.36)	Limited cell sizes	Limited cell sizes
Hispanic, married, preterm	549	0.82 (0.50, 1.32)	1.60 (0.48, 5.35)	0.29 (0.07, 1.29)	1.11 (0.27, 4.58)	0.327
Hispanic, single, preterm	744	1.04 (0.43, 2.50)	2.02 (0.59, 6.92)	1.15 (0.28, 4.74)	1.42 (0.27, 7.42)	0.834

FPL = Federal Poverty Level.
0–99% Federal Poverty Level is the reference group.
Subgroups are adjusted for maternal age (14 to less than 20 years; 20 to less than 25 years; 25 to less than 30 years; or 30 to 44 years), maternal race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white; non-Hispanic black; or Hispanic), maternal education (less than high school; high school graduate; some higher education; or Associate degree and above), marital status (married or single/separated/divorced), parity (first infant or 2 or more), preterm birth (yes, less than 37 weeks, or no, 37 weeks and above), low birth weight (yes, less than 2500 grams, or no, 2500 grams and above), insurance (private or MediGap; Medicaid, CHIP, or a state-sponsored plan; Medicare, military, or other government plans; or single service plan, IHS, or no coverage), and dwelling (urban, principal city; urban, other than principal city; or rural) except as noted.
¹Stratified to non-Hispanic white participants. ²Stratified to non-Hispanic black participants. ³Stratified to Hispanic participants. ⁴Stratified to single/separated/widowed/divorced participants. ⁵Stratified to married participants. ⁶Stratified to participants with preterm infants. ⁷Stratified to participants with infants who were not preterm.