Epilepsy Research and Treatment

Review Article

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Status Epilepticus

Table 1

Adult study characteristics and patient demographics.
ReferenceNumber of patients treated with rTMSStudy type/designArticle locationMean age (years)Etiology of seizures and type of SE/RSEMean # AED prior to rTMSMean time until rTMS administration (days)
Graff-Guerrero et al. [12]2Retrospective case seriesJournal manuscript9 (11 and 7 yrs)Etiology: primary epilepsy (2) 
Type: FRSE		4N/A
Hyllienmark and Åmark [13]1Retrospective case reportJournal manuscript5Etiology: Dravet syndrome 
Type: cryptogenic SE		N/AN/A
Liu et al. [14]2Retrospective case seriesJournal manuscript49 (46 and 51 yrs)Etiology: primary epilepsy (2)  
Type:
1 → GRSE
2 → FRSE		815
Misawa et al. [15]1Retrospective case reportJournal manuscript31Etiology: FCD 
Type: FSE		1N/A
Morales et al. [16]2Retrospective case seriesJournal manuscript12 (8 and 16 yrs)Etiology: lipofuscinosis (1) and congenital infarct (1) 
Type: FRSE		4N/A
Naro et al. [17]1Retrospective case reportJournal manuscript35Etiology: Postanoxic brain injury 
Type: GRSE		37
Rotenberg et al. [18]7Retrospective case seriesJournal manuscript41 (range: 11 to 79 yrs)Etiology: hypoglycemia (2); postvascular malformation resection (1); stroke (1); Rasmussen’s encephalitis (1); unknown (2)  
Type: FSE		N/AN/A
Thordstein and Constantinescu [19]1Retrospective case reportJournal manuscript68Etiology: HSV encephalitis 
Type: FRSE		844
Thordstein et al. [20]2Retrospective case seriesMeeting abstract4.5 (2 yrs, 8 mons and 6 yrs, 3 mons)Etiology: Alpert’s (1) and cortical malformations (1) 
Type:
1 → FSE
2 → FSE		N/AN/A
Van Haerents et al. [21]1Retrospective case reportMeeting abstract24Etiology: primary epilepsy 
Type: FRSE		7N/A
Wusthoff et al. [22]1Retrospective case reportJournal manuscript29Etiology: Rasmussen’s encephalitis 
Type: FRSE		15N/A
Rotenberg et al. [23]1Retrospective case reportJournal manuscript14Etiology: Rasmussen’s encephalitis 
Type: FRSE		8N/A
rTMS: repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; AED: antiepileptic drug; N/A: not available; SE: status epilepticus; FSE: focal status epilepticus; FRSE: focal refractory status epilepticus; GRSE: generalized refractory status epilepticus; yrs: years; mons: months; FCD: focal cortical dysplasia; HSV: herpes simplex virus. Rotenberg et al. [18] contains a series of patients including the case description from Rotenberg et al. [23]. Thus, the data from Rotenberg et al. [23] was not included in the final summary and analysis of data in order to avoid duplication of patient data.