Pulsatile Non-Newtonian Laminar Blood Flows through Arterial Double Stenoses

Table 1

Non-Newtonian models with given molecular viscosity of blood.

Model	Effective viscosity*
Newtonian	𝜇=3.45×10^−3 Pa·s
Carreau → Carreau [21]	𝜇𝛾̇=𝜇∞+𝜇0−𝜇∞1+(𝜆𝛾̇)^2(𝑛−1)/2
	𝜇0=0.056 Pa·s viscosity at zero shear rate
	𝜆=3.131 time constant
	𝑛=0.3568
Cross → Cross [22]	𝜇𝛾̇=𝜇∞+𝜇0−𝜇∞1+(𝛾̇/𝛾𝑐)^𝑛
	𝜇0=0.0364 Pa·s, at a very low shear rate
	𝛾𝑐=2.63 s^−1
	𝑛=1.45
Modified Casson → Gonzalez and Moraga [23]	𝜇𝛾̇=√𝜂𝑐+√𝜏0√𝜆+𝛾̇
	𝜂𝑐=3.45×10^−3
	𝜏0=2.1×10^−2 s^−1
	𝜆=11.5 𝑠^−1
	𝑛=1.45
Quemada → Quemada [24]	𝜇𝛾̇=𝜇𝑝11−2𝑘0+𝑘∞𝛾̇/𝛾𝑐1+𝛾̇/𝛾𝑐𝜙^−2
	𝜙=0.45 for haematocrit
	𝜇𝑝=1.2×10^−3
	𝛾𝑐=1.88 s^−1
	𝑘∞=2.07 and 𝑘0=4.33

∗Viscosity is a function of Global shear rate, |𝛾̇| in non-Newtonian models.