The “Special” crystal-Stellate System in Drosophila melanogaster Reveals Mechanisms Underlying piRNA Pathway-Mediated Canalization

Table 1

List of some genes involved in the piRNA pathways.

Genes	Crystals	Function	Ping pong*	References
Aubergine	+	Piwi protein	− −/+	[14–19, 21]
Ago3	+	Piwi protein	− −/+	[17–19]
Piwi	−	Piwi protein	+	[13–18]
Spindle-E	+	RNA helicase	− −/+	[18, 22, 25]
Squash	+	Tudor-domain nuclease	+	[24]
Zucchini	+	Nuclease	+	[24]
Armitage	+	RNA helicase	+	[18, 23, 26–28]
hsp83	+	Heat-shock protein	nd	[29]

*“+” indicates that the ping pong is functional in the mutant.