Comparison of Written and Spoken Instruction to Foster Coordination between Diagram and Equation in Undergraduate Physics Education

Table 3

–, –, and –values for differences in fixation duration AOIs between groups with written and spoken instruction based on unpaired -test and Cohen’s .

AOI		Dof
Coordinates	-2.70	34	0.01	-0.9
Equation	0.01	34	1	—
Cue	3.41	34	0.002	1.14
Cue	1.79	34	0.08	—
Lower VF	-2.80	34	0.01	-0.93
Upper VF	0.30	34	0.77	—