Research Article
Virtual Grandparenting: Identifying Barriers to Supportive Video Chat between Grandparents and Grandchildren
Table 1
Demographic details for complete sample.
| | Grandparents | Parents | | | | | | |
| Adult age (in years) | 62.02 | 9.39 | 34.61 | 5.5 | Child age (in months) | 30.85 | 19.59 | 31.93 | 19.04 | Household income (estimated from median household income in reported zip code) | $72,762 | $27,707 | $74,796 | $28,420 | | | % | | % | Education (highest completed) | | | | | High school/GED/or less | 146 | 13.1 | 90 | 9.3 | 2-year degree/trade school | 206 | 18.5 | 76 | 7.9 | 4-year degree | 313 | 28 | 308 | 31.8 | MA degree | 328 | 29.4 | 297 | 30.7 | PhD, MD, JD | 123 | 11 | 197 | 20.4 | Distance between grandparent and grandchild (in miles) | 489.97 | 1016.9 | 717.85 | 1347.7 | Time zone difference between grandparent and grandchild | 0.51 | 1.47 | 0.82 | 2.1 | Child gender | | | | | Male | 544 | 48.7 | 462 | 47.7 | Female | 561 | 50.3 | 501 | 51.8 | Other | 2 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | Declined to answer | 9 | 0.8 | 5 | 0.5 | Race | | | | | White | 1001 | 90 | 813 | 84 | African or African-American | 42 | 3.8 | 57 | 5.9 | Asian or Asian-American | 15 | 1.3 | 39 | 4 | Native American | 7 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.1 | Other | 19 | 1.7 | 27 | 2.8 | Multiple | 18 | 1.6 | 22 | 2.3 | Declined to answer | 14 | 1.3 | 9 | 1 | Hispanic or Latino | 23 | 2.1 | 65 | 6.7 | Current employment status | | | | | Full-time | 373 | 33.4 | 660 | 68.2 | Part-time | 112 | 10 | 96 | 9.9 | Unemployed and looking for work | 32 | 2.9 | 38 | 3.9 | Unemployed and not looking for work | 29 | 2.6 | 28 | 2.9 | Retired | 502 | 45 | 0 | 0 | Student | 4 | 0.4 | 20 | 2.1 | Disabled | 49 | 4.4 | 14 | 1.4 | Full-time caregiver | 13 | 1.2 | 110 | 11.4 | Declined to answer | 2 | 0.2 | 2 | 0.2 |
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